Romanian Grammar List

Learn how Romanian adjectives change their endings to match the gender and number of the nouns they describe.

Learn the Romanian numbers from one to twelve, focusing on gender agreement and the unique 'teen' structure.

How to say my, your, his, and her.

Romanian typically follows a Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) order for basic statements, though the subject is often dropped.

Learn the standard word order for adjectives in Romanian and how it differs from English.

Learn why Romanian usually drops subject pronouns like 'eu' and 'tu', and when you actually need to use them.

Learn how to use the suffix -a to say 'the' for feminine singular nouns in Romanian.

Learn how to say "the" for masculine and neuter singular nouns by attaching -ul to the end of the word.

Learn how to use 'nu' to negate verbs and understand the mandatory double negation rule in Romanian.

Learn how neuter nouns switch between masculine singular and feminine plural agreement.

Learn how to form plural nouns in Romanian using gender-based endings and stem changes.

Learn how to correctly use the gender-specific forms of 'one' and 'two' in Romanian.

Learn the plural definite articles -i and -le, including double and triple i spellings.

Compare the plain and -ez present-tense patterns of Romanian -a verbs.

Learn to conjugate common Romanian verbs ending in -e, including phonetic shifts and standard endings.

Compare common plain and -esc present-tense patterns of Romanian -i verbs.

Learn common plain and -ăsc present-tense patterns for -î verbs.

Learn the irregular present tense forms of 'a avea' and how to use it for possession, age, and common idioms.

Learn the irregular present tense forms of the verb 'to be' in Romanian.

Learn how to say 'the' in Romanian by attaching endings to nouns.

Recognize the six person-and-number forms and the four traditional verb classes, including -ea verbs such as a vedea and a cădea.

An introduction to the 31 letters of the Romanian alphabet and the specific rules for using its five letters with diacritics.

Learn how to identify and use Masculine, Feminine, and Neuter nouns in Romanian.

Learn how vocal emphasis works in Romanian and how it distinguishes meanings and tenses.

Ask yes/no questions with intonation, confirmation tags, or oare.

Learn how the vowels 'e' and 'i' change the pronunciation of 'c' and 'g' into soft affricate sounds.

Learn how the silent 'h' preserves the hard [k] and [g] sounds before front vowels.

Learn the basic interrogative pronouns and adverbs used to form questions in Romanian.

Learn how to correctly use da, nu, and the contradiction particle ba da in Romanian.

Learn when de links a whole-number count to the counted noun.

Learn how to use the polite pronoun 'dumneavoastră' with correct verb and adjective agreement.

Learn the personal pronouns used as subjects and when to include or drop them in conversation.

Learn how to use the preposition 'la' to describe being at or going to locations, institutions, and people.

A reflexive expression for introducing your name in everyday or formal situations.

A preposition meaning 'on' or 'onto', used for surfaces and specific locations.

Learn how to say hello in Romanian using the correct level of politeness.

Learn how to say 'please' correctly using the informal 'te rog' and the formal/plural 'vă rog'.

Learn how to use 'un', 'o', and 'niște' to say 'a', 'an', or 'some' in Romanian.

Learn how to use the two letters representing the /ɨ/ sound based on their position in a word.

Learn how to express likes using the dative 'îmi place' construction.

Learn how to use the preposition 'în' to describe being inside a place or traveling to a country.

Learn the usage and rules for the five most common Romanian prepositions: în, la, cu, pentru, and fără.

Learn the pronunciation and grammatical importance of the Romanian vowel ă.

Learn to pronounce and write the unique Romanian consonants ș /sh/ and ț /ts/.

Learn how to use common prepositions like 'la', 'în', and 'cu' with nouns and pronouns in the Accusative case.

Use common adjectives as manner adverbs, and learn distinct forms such as bun and bine.

Learn how to attach object pronouns to verbs in the past tense.

Learn how to correctly use the ordinal 'întâi' for the first day of the month and cardinal numbers for the rest.

Form common feminine genitive/dative singulars and learn their exceptions.

Learn how to use the 'o să' construction to talk about future plans and predictions in natural, spoken Romanian.

The formal 'will' future used in literature, news, and official documents.

Learn how to conjugate Romanian verbs in the imperfect tense using universal endings and specific theme vowels.

Learn how to negate completed past actions using the Negative Compound Perfect and its common contractions.

Learn how to correctly double direct objects using 'pe' and clitic pronouns for specific people.

Expresses plausible 'if-then' scenarios using the indicative mood.

Learn how to form the past participle and understand its dual role as a frozen verb and an adaptable adjective.

Learn how to use the preposition 'pe' to mark specific human direct objects and proper names.

Express an ongoing action with the present tense; acum means now and is optional when context supplies the time.

Learn how to ask questions about past events using the compound perfect tense.

Learn how to use 'care' to connect sentences and describe nouns, covering its use as a subject and direct object.

Learn how to tell time in Romanian using the noun 'ora' and specific gendered numerals.

The primary past tense used in spoken Romanian to describe finished, completed events.

A past tense used for descriptions, habits, and ongoing actions, similar to 'was doing' or 'used to do' in English.

Learn how to express existence using 'este', 'sunt', and 'există' without using a dummy subject like 'there'.

Learn how to use 'când' for questions and to describe when actions happen.

Learn how to describe weather and ambient conditions using impersonal verbs and phrases in Romanian.

Learn how to identify and use the reflexive infinitive form (a se [verb]) for self-directed or impersonal actions.

Expressing 'wanting to do something' using a vrea followed by a subjunctive clause.

Learn how to use 'this' and 'that' in Romanian, including the difference between pre-posed and post-posed forms.

Learn how to use al, a, ai, and ale to correctly link owners to objects in Romanian.

Learn how to use 'aș dori' to make polite requests and order in Romanian.

Learn how to form 'the most' and 'the least' using the adjectival article 'cel' and the comparative marker 'mai'.

Learn how to express origin and limits using 'din', 'de la', and 'până la' for space and time.

Learn how to use 'lui' before names to express possession or to indicate a recipient in Romanian.

Learn how to compare two things using the 'more than' structure in Romanian.

Learn how to use reflexive pronouns (mă, te, se, ne, vă, se) for actions directed at oneself or each other.

Short pronouns (mă, te, îl, o...) that replace or double direct objects, attaching directly to the verb.

Learn how to use 'pentru că' to explain reasons and causes in everyday Romanian.

Learn how to use the 'să' particle to express desires, obligations, and purposes in Romanian.

Learn how to use 'trebuie să' to express obligation and necessity in Romanian.

Learn the unstressed dative pronouns used for recipients, likes/dislikes, and possession.

Learn how to use the possessive articles 'al, a, ai, ale' to correctly link owners to objects in Romanian.

Learn the mandatory placement of object pronouns between the particle 'să' and the verb in Romanian subjunctive clauses.

Learn how to attach direct, indirect, and reflexive pronouns to Romanian gerunds using the linking vowel '-u-' and hyphens.

Learn how to correctly place object and reflexive pronouns within the Romanian infinitive structure.

Learn how to use the comparative forms of good, bad, big, and small, including their use for age.

Understand the aspectual difference between completed past actions and continuous past states or habits.

Use deși with the indicative or conditional to express 'although' or 'even though'.

Learn how to use the conditional mood to offer polite suggestions and diplomatic advice in Romanian.

Learn how adjectives take the definite article suffix when placed before a noun or used as a noun.

Learn how to combine Dative and Accusative pronouns (like 'it to me') into natural Romanian clitic clusters.

Learn how to compare two things that are equal in quality using 'la fel de... ca'.

Learn how to use the -ului suffix to express possession and indirect objects for masculine and neuter singular nouns.

Learn how to use 'se' to make general statements and express actions without a specific subject.

Learn the irregular subjunctive forms of the most common Romanian verbs: a fi, a avea, a veni, a da, and a lua.

Explains how the past participle changes its ending to match the subject in passive constructions.

Form a passive with a fi and a past participle that agrees with the subject, in everyday speech or formal writing.

Learn how to use the reflexive pronoun 'se' to create natural passive sentences in Romanian.

Learn the conjugation patterns for the Romanian pluperfect (the 'past of the past').

Learn how to use the -lor suffix to indicate possession or indirect objects for plural definite nouns in Romanian.

Learn how to express hypothetical 'what if' scenarios in the present using the conditional mood or the colloquial imperfect.

The primary Romanian conjunction for expressing purpose ('in order to'), used with the subjunctive mood.

Learn how to use 'dacă' to report yes/no questions and understand how it differs from English reported speech.

Learn how to use 'că' to report statements, thoughts, and facts in Romanian.

A guide to the two forms of the Romanian infinitive: the verbal short form and the nominal long form.

Learn how to use strong object pronouns for emphasis and after prepositions.

Learn how to express desires, wishes, and emotional reactions using the Romanian subjunctive mood.

Learn how to use the adverb 'mai' to express repetition, continuation, and comparison in Romanian.

A non-finite verb form used to express simultaneous actions, manner, or cause, equivalent to the English '-ing' in adverbial contexts.

A synthetic past tense used to indicate that an action was completed prior to another past reference point.

Learn how to express hypothetical situations, polite requests, and wishes using the Romanian 'would' construction.

Learn how to correctly address people in Romanian using specific vocative endings for masculine, feminine, and plural nouns.

Learn third-person subjunctive forms, including common vowel changes and unchanged forms such as să scrie.

Relative pronouns used for indirect objects (to whom) and possession (whose), agreeing with the antecedent's gender and number.

Learn how to express 'without doing something' using the subjunctive mood.

Explains the combination of 'to him/her' and 'him/it' into the single cluster 'i-l'.

The accusative form of 'care', used for direct objects (whom/which) and requiring clitic doubling.

Learn how to use 'tot' to say 'all', 'the whole', 'still', or 'keeps on doing'.

Learn how to use the indefinite articles 'unui', 'unei', and 'unor' to mark possession and indirect objects in Romanian.

Learn how to use 'înainte să' (before) and 'după ce' (after) with the correct verbal moods.

Learn how unstressed pronouns shift positions between affirmative and negative commands in Romanian.

Use present or perfect conditional forms to relay reported information in news or conversation.

Use dative clitics with full recipient expressions, and distinguish stressed personal pronouns from noun phrases.

Learn how to correctly mark specific human direct objects using "pe" and doubling clitic pronouns.

A specialized particle used to express distribution ('each'), grouping ('two by two'), or occasionality ('now and then').

A word order strategy used to emphasize new or contrastive information by moving it to the front of the sentence with heavy stress.

Learn how to express fractions and percentages, and become confident with the nuanced verb agreement rules that accompany them.

An advanced look at how Romanian future tenses shift between formal, neutral, and regional registers.

Express a future viewed from the past using future forms, avea să and urma să.

Use the imperfect of a avea with să to present a future event from a past viewpoint.

Learn the unique singular command forms for essential Romanian verbs like 'to be', 'to come', and 'to do'.

A syntactic strategy to mark the topic of a sentence by fronting an object and repeating it with a clitic pronoun.

Form negative commands with nu: nu pleca for one person, nu plecați for several, and the special plural nu fiți.

Learn how Romanian uses multiple negative words to reinforce a single negative meaning.

Follow neuter agreement across articles, numerals, adjectives, demonstratives and agreeing participles.

A compound preposition used to express selection or extraction from a specific plural group, equivalent to 'of' or 'among' in English.

Expresses hypothetical past actions that did not happen, often used for regrets or 'what if' scenarios.

A restrictive pattern used with negative verbs to mean 'only' or 'nothing but'.

A multi-word verb form for hypothetical pasts, regrets, and unconfirmed reports.

Use the perfect subjunctive for earlier actions, past possibilities, and wishes or regrets about the past.

Learn how to express probability and inferences using the Romanian Presumptive mood.

Learn how to use 'amândoi' and 'amândouă' to refer to a specific pair of people or objects.

Use chiar dacă for an obstacle that may be hypothetical or already known to be real.

Learn how to form and use indefinite pronouns and adverbs using the -va suffix to refer to unidentified people, things, and places.

Learn how to express specific conditions and requirements using 'cu condiția să' with the subjunctive mood.

Cu toate că introduces a concession: an obstacle that does not prevent the main result.

Use doar and numai for restriction, and distinguish “only” from “not only”.

Use Romanian negative words and understand when they combine with verbal nu.

Learn how to use Romanian indefinite pronouns and adverbs like oricine (anyone) and orice (anything) to express free choice.

Learn how to identify a single member from a group of the 'most' or 'best' using the 'unul dintre cei mai' pattern.

A formal conditional connector used in administrative and legal contexts to mean 'in the event that'.

Compare tu and dumneavoastră, and learn how context changes the social meaning of dumneata. Each form has its own agreement pattern.

How Romanian expresses immediate anteriority in the past without a dedicated tense.

Compare clitic placement with putea + infinitive, să-clauses, and selected supine complements.

Learn how to use 'mi' and 'ți' to express emotional involvement and narrative flair in colloquial Romanian.

Distinguish factual relatives from desired or possible qualities after superlatives and exclusive expressions.

Advanced rules for using the hyphen to bind unstressed pronouns to verbs and auxiliaries.

Explains the choice between the short infinitive (a face) and the subjunctive clause (să facă) based on formality and syntax.

Learn how to grammatically integrate English loanwords into Romanian using correct gender, plurals, and hyphenation rules.

Learn how to form and use Romanian action nouns ending in -re, essential for formal and technical communication.

A verb form used to express probability, inference, or doubt regarding past actions.

Use dative clitics to identify a possessor affected by an action, especially with body parts, relatives, and belongings.

A verb form used to express probability, deduction, or 'must be' regarding current actions.

Explores the lexical, administrative, and colloquial differences between Romanian as spoken in Romania and the Republic of Moldova.

Learn how Romanian news uses the conditional mood to report alleged or unconfirmed information.

A guide to forming abstract nouns from verbs and adjectives using suffixes like -are, -ire, -ție, -ment, and -itate.

How Romanian handles the tense of subordinate clauses relative to the main verb, avoiding English-style backshifting.

A synthetic past tense used for literary narration and regional 'recent past' speech.

Explains how to use the subjunctive mood within relative clauses to express hypothetical, non-specific, or required qualities.

Compare the invariable supine with participles used in active tenses, adjectives, and passive constructions.

Learn how to use the Romanian supine to express purpose, necessity, and suitability using the 'preposition + participle' structure.

A synthetic past tense used in literary narration and commonly for recent events in Oltenian speech; it is not restricted to the same day.

Use atâta vreme cât and related phrases to express duration and conditions.

Learn how to use the colloquial particle 'cică' to report rumors, hearsay, or express skepticism about information.

Learn how to use 'cât despre' to shift topics and contrast subjects in Romanian.

Learn how to use the Romanian supine (de + past participle) to express purpose, difficulty, and availability.

A formal way to say 'whether... or...' when presenting alternatives that don't affect the main result.

Learn how to use the corrective 'nu... ci...' structure to say 'not X, but rather Y' in Romanian.

Learn how to use 'nu e vorba că' to clarify situations and correct misunderstandings by reframing the reason for an action.

Learn how to use 'oricât' to express 'no matter how much' across different parts of speech.

Learn how to use formal connectors like 'prin urmare' and 'așadar' to express logical consequences in academic or professional Romanian.

Learn how to use 'totuși' and 'cu toate acestea' to express contrast and concession in Romanian.

Explains why 'î' appears in the middle of words like 'neînțeles' or 'reîncepe' despite the general 'â' rule.

Formal Romanian connectors for 'because', 'since', and 'given that', used in professional and academic writing.

Advanced formal structures used to express probability, tentative interpretations, and scientific caution in academic writing.

An advanced analysis of the six functions of the particle 'se' and how to resolve ambiguity between passive, impersonal, and reflexive meanings.

Describe a subject undergoing a change of state, while leaving an agent unexpressed.

Understand how Romanian expresses completed vs. ongoing actions through the choice of past tenses and the inherent meaning of verbs.

Advanced syntactic reduction using participles, gerunds, and supines to replace full subordinate clauses in formal registers.

Advanced relative clauses using inflected 'care' and 'ceea ce' for precise referent tracking.

Compare conditional and imperfect forms in hypothetical and counterfactual sentences, including mixed patterns.

The 2021 official standard for Romanian spelling, grammar, and pronunciation.

Recognize noun-based constructions in administrative and academic Romanian, with correct case and agreement.

Learn useful register labels for Romanian idioms, including colloquial, popular, slang and literary uses. These labels overlap and do not form an exhaustive set.

A guide to how Romanian reorders sentences to manage information flow, emphasis, and contrast.

Advanced legal and administrative modal constructions for expressing duty, procedural steps, and rights.

Learn how to use 'se' to describe the inherent properties, ease, or difficulty of performing actions on objects.

A guide to the modal particles oare, doar, mai, and tot, which add nuance, doubt, and emphasis to Romanian sentences.

A high-level look at how Romanian speakers choose between past tenses to manage narrative flow and register.

Choose explicit subject pronouns when they help clarify participants, contrast, or a change of topic.

An advanced look at how Romanian verbs like 'a părea' and 'a vrea' interact with subordinate subjunctive clauses regarding subject agreement and pronoun placement.

Using the reflexive pronoun 'se' to express reciprocal actions like seeing, helping, or arguing with one another.

Learn how to use scalar particles to express 'even' and 'not even' to highlight unexpected or extreme cases.

Learn how to use 'ceea ce' to refer to whole ideas or situations and as a formal way to say 'what' in Romanian.