-았/었던
Had Been, Used To
-았/었던 iyifomu yokuguqula isibizo esisho 'used to be' noma 'had been'. Ichaza isimo esidlule noma isenzo esiphelile esesiphelile manje.
Isebenza kanjani
-았/었던 isiphetho sokuguqula isibizo esibheka emuva, okusho ukuthi siguqula isibizo esisilandela. Sisetshenziselwa ukukhuluma ngomcimbi noma isimo esidlule esiphele nya futhi esingaqhubeki kuze kube manje.
Ukuhlanganiswa:
Ixhuma ezimpandeni zezenzo nezichasiso ngokulandela imithetho efanayo ne-past tense:
- Izimpande ezinonkamisa wokugcina u-ㅏ noma ㅗ + -았던
isib., 가다 → 갔던 (indawo engangiye kuyo), 좋다 → 좋았던 (into eyayinhle) - Izimpande ezineminye imisindo yokugcina + -었던
isib., 먹다 → 먹었던 (ukudla engangikudlile), 예쁘다 → 예뻤던 (umuntu owayemuhle) - Izizenzo ezi-하다 → -했던
isib., 공부하다 → 공부했던 (isifundo engangisifundile)
Umehluko obalulekile: -았/었던 vs. -던 vs. -ㄴ/은
Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwalezi ziguquli zezibizo ezintathu kubalulekile.
1. -았/었던 (Isikhathi Esidlule Esiphelele)
Sigcizelela ukuthi isenzo noma isimo siphele nya futhi asinabudlelwano nesikhathi samanje. Kuvame ukusho umcimbi othile oqondile esikhathini esidlule.
• 작년에 갔었던 여행 (Uhambo engangiye kulo ngonyaka odlule) - Uhambo seluphelile.
• 어렸을 때 살았던 집 (Indlu engangihlala kuyo ngiseyingane) - Angisahlali lapho.
2. -던 (Isikhathi Esidlule Esingaphelele noma Esijwayelekile)
Sisetshenziselwa isenzo esasiqhubeka, esenziwa njalo, noma isimo esabe sikhona esikhathini esidlule kodwa esaphazamiseka noma esingaphelanga. Siletha umuzwa wokukhumbula.
• 내가 읽던 책 (Incwadi engangiyifunda) - Kusho ukuthi angiyiqedanga.
• 우리가 자주 가던 식당 (Indawo yokudlela esasiyivakashela njalo) - Isenzo esijwayelekile.
3. -ㄴ/은 (Iqiniso Lesikhathi Esidlule)
Lesi yisiguquli sesikhathi esidlule esingathathi hlangothi. Sivele sisho isenzo esidlule njengeqiniso ngaphandle komuzwa owengeziwe wokuqedwa noma wokukhumbula.
• 어제 본 영화 (Ifilimu engiyibone izolo) - Iqiniso elilula.
Kafushane, sebenzisa -았/었던 uma ufuna ukugcizelela ukuthi kukhona okwenzeka esikhathini esidlule futhi manje sekuphele nya.
Izibonelo (4)
- 여기는 제가 어렸을 때 살았던 집이에요.
This is the house I lived in when I was young.
Igama ngegama: Here I when was young lived house is.
살았던 iguqula u-집 (indlu), ikhombisa ukuthi isenzo sokuhlala lapho senzeka esikhathini esidlule futhi manje sesiphele nya.
- 작년에 갔었던 제주도 여행은 정말 좋았어요.
The trip to Jeju Island that I went on last year was really great.
Igama ngegama: Last year went to Jeju Island trip really was good.
갔었던 ichaza umcimbi othile ophelile esikhathini esidlule (uhambo) okhunjulwayo.
- 우리가 자주 만났었던 카페가 문을 닫았어요.
The cafe where we used to meet often has closed.
Igama ngegama: We often met cafe closed.
만났었던 isho ukuthi isenzo sokuhlangana kuleyo ndawo yokudlela siyisahluko esiphelile, ikakhulukazi njengoba isivaliwe.
- 그가 입었던 옷은 파란색이었어요.
The clothes he had worn were blue.
Igama ngegama: He had worn clothes blue color were.
Lokhu kuchaza izingubo ayegqoke zona ngesikhathi esithile esikhathini esidlule. Isenzo sokuzigqoka sesiphelile.
Amaphutha avamile
Ukusebenzisa -았/었던 esimweni esidlule esisaqhubeka kuze kube manje.
Incazelo ehlukile어렸을 때 똑똑했었던 그는 지금도 똑똑해요.어렸을 때 똑똑하던 그는 지금도 똑똑해요.-았/었던 igcizelela kakhulu ukuthi isimo noma isenzo siphele nya. '똑똑했었던' isho ukuthi ukuhlakanipha kwakhe kwakuyinto yesikhathi esidlule. Lapho uchaza ikhwalithi umuntu ayenayo esikhathini esidlule futhi esanayo, -던 ingokwemvelo kakhulu ngoba ivele ikhumbule isimo esidlule ngaphandle kokusho ukuthi sesiphelile.
Ukudida umehluko phakathi kwesenzo esiphelile (-았/었던) nesenzo esingaphelele (-던).
Incazelo ehlukile어제 읽었던 책을 마저 읽어야 해요. (Implies you finished it, which is contradictory)어제 읽던 책을 마저 읽어야 해요.Uma udinga ukuqhubeka nokufunda incwadi, kusho ukuthi isenzo besingaphelele. Ngakho-ke, '읽던 책' (incwadi engangiyifunda) ilungile. '읽었던 책' (incwadi engangiyifundile) isho ukuthi usuvele uyicedile, okwenza umusho ungabi nengqondo.
Ihlangana kanjani
Funda lokhu kuqala
Izakhiwo ezihlobene
- -던Had been -ing
Lolu wuhlelo olubaluleke kakhulu ukuluqhathanisa ne--았/었던. Ngenkathi -았/었던 igcizelela isenzo noma isimo esidlule esiphelile, -던 ibhekisela esenzweni noma esimweni esidlule esingaphelele, esenziwa njalo, noma esivele sikhunjulwayo.
Izinga 3 - -ㄴ/은Isichasiso Sesibizo
Zombili ziyiziguquli zezibizo zesikhathi esidlule. Nokho, -ㄴ/은 iyisiguquli esingathathi hlangothi, esingokoqobo ('umuntu owaya'). -았/었던 yengeza umuzwa wokuthi isenzo siphele nya futhi asinabudlelwano nesikhathi samanje ('umuntu owayehambile').
Izinga 1 - -더-Isikhombisi Sokubuka Okwedlule
Lolu wuhawu lokukhumbula, olukhombisa ukuthi okhulumayo ukhumbula noma ubika okuthile akubona noma akuzwa mathupha. Yisici esiyinhloko se--던 futhi incazelo yayo yokukhumbula idluliselwa ku--았/었던.
Izinga 4
Funda lokhu ngokulandelayo
Izakhiwo ezakhelwe phezu kwalesi.