Imiqondo Yesikhathi
Isikhathi sesi-Korean siboniswa ngokungeza iziphetho ezithile eziqubeni zezenzi nezichasiso.
Isebenza kanjani
Esi-Korean, awukwazi ukusebenzisa isenzo noma isichasiso ngendlela esisesichazamazwini (njengo-먹다 - to eat) ngqo emshweni. Kufanele ushintshe isiphetho saso ukuze ubonise isikhathi nenhlonipho.
Ukuqonda verb stems yisinyathelo sokuqala, njengoba zonke izimpawu zesikhathi zinamathela esiqubeni.
Kunezikhathi ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- Isikhathi Samanje: Sisetshenziselwa izenzo ezenzeka manje, izenzo ezenzeka njalo, noma amaqiniso ajwayelekile. Lolu wuhlobo oluyisisekelo kakhulu. Isiphetho esithile sincike ezingeni lenhlonipho, njengokungahlelekile -아/어 noma okuhlelekile -ㅂ/습니다.
- Isikhathi Esedlule: Sisetshenziselwa izenzo eseziphelile. Lokhu kuvame ukwakhiwa ngokungeza uphawu lwesikhathi esedlule -았/었/였- esiqubeni sesenzo.
- Isikhathi Esizayo: Sisetshenziselwa izenzo ezizokwenzeka esikhathini esizayo. Kunezindlela eziningi zokuveza ikusasa, kodwa eyodwa evame kakhulu ukusebenzisa -ㄹ 것 (evame ukubonakala njengo-ㄹ 거예요). Enye indlela ithi -겠-, evame ukusho inhloso noma ukucabanga.
Lolu hlelo luvumela isi-Korean ukuba sidlulise isikhathi nomongo ngempumelelo ngaphakathi kwesenzo uqobo.
Izibonelo (3)
- 지금 공부해요.
I study now.
Igama ngegama: Now study.
Lokhu kubonisa isenzo samanje. Isenzo esithi 공부하다 (to study) sishintshiwe saba sesimweni saso sesikhathi samanje.
- 어제 공부했어요.
I studied yesterday.
Igama ngegama: Yesterday studied.
Uphawu lwesikhathi esedlule -았/었- lungezwe esiqubeni sesenzo ukuze kuboniswe ukuthi isenzo sesiphelile.
- 내일 공부할 거예요.
I will study tomorrow.
Igama ngegama: Tomorrow will study.
Isiphetho sesikhathi esizayo -ㄹ 거예요 sengeziwe ukuze kuboniswe inhloso noma uhlelo lokwenza okuthile esikhathini esizayo.
Amaphutha avamile
Ukusebenzisa indlela yesichazamazwi (-다) emshweni
저는 지금 공부하다.저는 지금 공부해요.Indlela yesichazamazwi yesenzo, njengo-공부하다, ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngqo emshweni. Kufanele ishintshwe ukuze ibonise isikhathi nenhlonipho. 공부해요 yindlela yesikhathi samanje, enenhlonipho.
Ihlangana kanjani
Izakhiwo ezihlobene
- Iziqu Zesenzi
Izimpawu zesikhathi zihlale zinamathela esiqubeni sesenzo noma sesichasiso. Ukuqonda iziqu yisinyathelo sokuqala sokushintsha izenzo.
Izisekelo - Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezenzo Okuyisisekelo
Isikhathi yingxenye eyisisekelo yokushintsha izenzo. Ushintsha izenzo ukuze ubonise isikhathi, inhlonipho, nemizwa.
Izisekelo - -았/었/였-Isikhathi Esedlule
Lolu wuhlobo oluthile lwegrama olusetshenziselwa ukwakha isikhathi esedlule. Yindlela evame kakhulu yokukhuluma ngezenzo eziphelile.
Izinga 1 - -(으)ㄹ 것Isiphawulo Sesikhathi Esizayo
Lolu wuhlobo oluthile lwegrama oluvame kakhulu olusetshenziselwa ukwakha isikhathi esizayo, ukuveza izinhlelo noma izibikezelo.
Izinga 3 - -요Isiphawulo Sokuhlonipha
Isikhathi nenhlonipho kuvame ukuhlanganiswa esiphethweni sokugcina sesenzo. -요 yisiphetho esijwayelekile senhlonipho esinamathiselwa ngemva kophawu lwesikhathi.
Izisekelo - Izisekelo Zokuhleleka Kwamagama
Nakuba isiphetho sesenzo sishintsha ngenxa yesikhathi, indawo yaso ekupheleni komusho ihlala ingashintshi ekuhleleni amagama esi-Korean.
Izisekelo
Funda lokhu ngokulandelayo
Izakhiwo ezakhelwe phezu kwalesi.