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Isikhombisi Sokubuka Okwedlule

Izinga 4Kuzwakala kanje deo

-더- yisikhombisi sokubheka emuva esifakwa phakathi kwesiqu sesenzo noma sesichasiso. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi umkhulumeli ukhumbula noma ubika okuthile akubona, akuzwa, noma akuzwa mathupha esikhathini esedlule.

Isebenza kanjani

-더- yisijobelelo esinamandla esengeza ungqimba lokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu ezenzakalweni ezedlule. Kubalulekile ukuveza imizwa yokukhumbula nokubuka.

Imisebenzi Eyinhloko:
1. Ukukhumbula: Kukhombisa ukuthi umkhulumeli ukhumbula isenzakalo, isimo, noma iqiniso elidlule kusuka enkumbulweni yakhe.
2. Okuhlangenwe Nakho Mathupha: Ulwazi kumele lube lutholwe ngezinzwa zomkhulumeli (ukubona, ukuzwa, ukuzwa). Akukwazi ukusetshenziselwa izinto ezifundwe kwabanye (isibonelo, encwadini noma komunye umuntu).

Izinhlanganisela Ezijwayelekile:
-더- ayivami ukusetshenziswa yodwa. Ihlangana nezinye iziphetho ukuze yakhe izindlela ezithile zohlelo lolimi:

  • -더라 / -더라고(요): Kusetshenziselwa ukusho iqiniso olithole ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphambilini. Isib: 어제 영화가 재미있더라고요. (Ngithole ukuthi ifilimu yizolo ibimnandi.)
  • -던: Ifomu eliguqula isibizo elisetshenziselwa izenzo noma izimo ebezilokhu zenzeka, ziphindaphindwa, noma ziyimikhuba esikhathini esedlule. Isib: 제가 마시던 커피예요. (Leli ikhofi ebengiliphuza.)
  • -았/었던: Ifomu eliguqula isibizo sesenzakalo esedlule esiphele ngokuphelele futhi esingaqhubeki. Isib: 작년에 갔었던 식당. (Indawo yokudlela engangiye kuyo ngonyaka odlule.)
  • -더니: Ixhumanisa isenzakalo esedlule esibukiwe (umushwana 1) nomphumela olandelayo noma ushintsho (umushwana 2). Isib: 그가 열심히 공부하더니 시험에 합격했어요. (Ngambona efunda kanzima, bese ephasa isivivinyo.)
  • -던데(요): Inikeza ulwazi oluyisisekelo olusekelwe ekubukeni kwangaphambilini, ngokuvamile ukwethula umbono ohlukile, umbuzo, noma isiphakamiso. Isib: 날씨가 춥던데 옷을 따뜻하게 입으세요. (Ngibone ukuthi isimo sezulu sibanda, ngakho sicela ugqoke ngokufudumele.)

Umkhawulo Wombhali:
Ngokuvamile, umbhali womusho osebenzisa -더- akakwazi ukuba ngumuntu wokuqala ('mina' noma 'thina') lapho echaza isenzo esithile esenzeke kanye. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuzwakala kuyinqaba 'ukuzibuka' wenza isenzo.

  • Okungalungile: 어제 내가 숙제를 하더라. (Kuzwakala sengathi uzibukele wenza umsebenzi wesikole ngombono wangaphandle.)
  • Okulungile: 어제 나는 숙제를 했어요.

Nokho, kwamukelekile ukusebenzisa umbhali womuntu wokuqala lapho ukhumbula isimo sangaphakathi esedlule, umuzwa, noma isenzo somkhuba.

  • Okulungile: 어렸을 때 내가 단것을 좋아했더라. (Ngikhumbula manje ukuthi ngangithanda izinto ezinoshukela ngiseyingane.)

Lokhu kwehlukanisa kugcizelela ukuthi -더- ngokuyisisekelo imayelana nokubuka nokukhumbula.

Izibonelo (4)

  1. 어제 본 영화가 정말 재미있더라고요.

    The movie I saw yesterday was really fun (I found out from watching it).

    Igama ngegama: Yesterday saw movie really fun-was-(I-recall).

    Lapha, -더라고요 isetshenziselwa ukubika okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu noma ukutholakala. Umkhulumeli wabelana ngokubuka kwakhe mathupha ukuthi ifilimu ibimnandi.

  2. 이것은 제가 자주 가던 카페입니다.

    This is the cafe I used to go to often.

    Igama ngegama: This is I often used-to-go cafe.

    -던 iguqula '카페' (cafe), ikhombisa indawo umkhulumeli ayevakashela kaningi noma njalo esikhathini esedlule. Kusho umuzwa wokukhumbula.

  3. 친구가 아침에는 괜찮아 보이더니 오후에는 아프다고 했어요.

    My friend seemed fine in the morning, but then in the afternoon, she said she was sick.

    Igama ngegama: Friend in the morning fine seemed-(I-observed)-and-then in the afternoon sick said.

    -더니 ixhumanisa ukubuka komkhulumeli ('umngane wayebukeka ephila') nesenzakalo esilandelayo, esiphikisayo ('uthe uyagula').

  4. 민수 씨가 어제 정말 피곤해 보이던데요.

    Minsu looked really tired yesterday (from what I saw).

    Igama ngegama: Minsu yesterday really tired looked-(I-observed).

    -던데요 inikeza ulwazi oluyisisekelo olusekelwe ekubukeni komkhulumeli. Ingasetshenziselwa ukuqala ingxoxo noma ukuveza ukukhathazeka.

Amaphutha avamile

  • Ukusebenzisa -더- ngolwazi olufundwe kwabanye, hhayi ngokuhlangenwe nakho mathupha.

    Incazelo ehlukile책에서 읽었는데, 한국 역사는 재미있더라고요.
    책에서 읽었는데, 한국 역사는 재미있었어요.

    -더- idinga okuhlangenwe nakho mathupha. Njengoba ufunde ngomlando waseKorea encwadini (ulwazi olufundwe kwabanye), hhayi ngokuhlala kuwo, isikhathi esedlule esilula -았/었어요 sifaneleka kakhulu.

  • Ukusebenzisa -더- nombhali womuntu wokuqala esenzweni esithile esenzeke kanye.

    어제 제가 집에 일찍 오더라.
    어제 저는 집에 일찍 왔어요.

    Akuyona into yemvelo ukusebenzisa -더- ukuchaza ukuzibuka wenza isenzo esisodwa njengokuthi 'ukufika ekhaya'. Kuzwakala sengathi uzibukele ngombono wangaphandle. Sebenzisa isikhathi esedlule esilula ezenzweni zakho.

Ihlangana kanjani

Funda lokhu kuqala

Izakhiwo ezihlobene

Amagama kulesi sakhiwo

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Zijwayeze -더- ku-BubblegumUPoppy, uthisha wakho we-AI, ubhala izifundo zolimi isiKorea ezilingana nezinga lakho. Thinta noma yiliphi iphuzu legrama esifundweni ukuze ubone incazelo yalo ephelele.