-았/었/였-
Isikhathi Esedlule
-았/었/였- yisibonakaliso esiyisisekelo sesikhathi esedlule. Sengezwa ezimpandeni zezenzo nezichasiso ukuze kukhombise ukuthi isenzo noma isimo sesiphelile.
Isebenza kanjani
Lena yindlela eyisisekelo yokuveza isikhathi esedlule ngesi-Korean, efana nokungeza u-'-ed' ezenzweni zesiNgisi. Inamathela ngqo ku-mpande yesenzo noma yesichasiso ngaphambi kokuphela komusho (njengo--요 noma -ㅂ/습니다).
Ifomu olisebenzisayo lincike kunkamisa wokugcina wempande:
- Izimpande eziphela ngo ㅏ noma ㅗ zisebenzisa u--았-
가다 (ukuya) → 가 + -았- → 갔-
보다 (ukubona) → 보 + -았- → 봤- - Izimpande eziphela kunoma yimuphi omunye unkamisa zisebenzisa u--었-
먹다 (ukudla) → 먹 + -었- → 먹었-
읽다 (ukufunda) → 읽 + -었- → 읽었- - Izimpande eziphela ngo 하다 zisebenzisa u--였- (okuba ngu-했다)
공부하다 (ukufunda) → 공부하 + -였- → 공부했-
일하다 (ukusebenza) → 일하 + -였- → 일했-
Ngemva kokunamathisela isibonakaliso sesikhathi esedlule, ungeza ukuphela komusho. Isibonelo:
먹었- + -어요 → 먹었어요. (Ngidle.)
갔- + -습니다 → 갔습니다. (Ngihambile. / okusemthethweni)
Qaphela: Izenzo eziningi zinama-conjugations ezingajwayelekile esikhathini esedlule, kodwa imithetho eyisisekelo engenhla ihlanganisa iningi lezimo.
Izibonelo (5)
- 어제 영화를 봤어요.
I watched a movie yesterday.
Igama ngegama: Izolo ifilimu ngibukile.
- 점심을 먹었어요.
I ate lunch.
Igama ngegama: Isidlo sasemini ngidle.
- 주말에 공부했어요.
I studied on the weekend.
Igama ngegama: NgeSonto ngifundile.
- 작년에는 학생이었어요.
Last year, I was a student.
Igama ngegama: Ngonyaka odlule, umfundi benginguye.
Ezibizweni, kusetshenziswa isikhathi esedlule sika-이다. Kuba ngu-이었어요 ngemva komsindo ongunkamisa-kanye kanye no-였어요 ngemva kunkamisa.
- 날씨가 아주 좋았어요.
The weather was very good.
Igama ngegama: Isimo sezulu besihle kakhulu.
Amaphutha avamile
Ukusebenzisa umthetho ongalungile wokuvumelana kunkamisa.
어제 친구를 보었어요.어제 친구를 봤어요.Impande yesenzo ethi 보다 iphela kunkamisa u-ㅗ. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ilandelwe ngu--았-, hhayi -었-. U-보 + 았어요 uhlangana ube ngu-봤어요.
Ukukhohlwa ukufinyeza izenzo eziphela ngo 하다 zibe ngu-했다.
Incazelo ehlukile어제 운동하였어요.어제 운동했어요.Nakuba '운동하였어요' kulungile ngokohlelo lolimi, kuzwakala kusemthethweni kakhulu noma kudala. Ngesi-Korean sanamuhla esikhulunywayo nesibhalwayo, izenzo eziphela ngo 하다 zihlale zifinyezwa zibe ngu-했다 esikhathini esedlule (isib. 했어요, 했습니다).
Ihlangana kanjani
Funda lokhu kuqala
Izakhiwo ezihlobene
- Iziqu Zesenzi
U--았/었/였- unamathela ngqo ku-mpande yesenzo. Ukuqonda indlela yokuthola impande yisinyathelo sokuqala sokwakha izenzo.
Izisekelo - -(으)ㄹ 거(예요/야)Will, mhlawumbe
Lesi yisibonakaliso sesikhathi esizayo. Kuwusizo ukufunda kokubili isikhathi esedlule (-았/었/였-) nesikhathi esizayo (-ㄹ 거예요) ndawonye ukuze uqonde indlela yokukhuluma ngezikhathi ezahlukene.
Izinga 3 - -요Isiphawulo Sokuhlonipha
Ngemva kokunamathisela isibonakaliso sesikhathi esedlule, udinga ukuphela komusho. U--요 ukuphela okujwayelekile okuhloniphekile okusetshenziswa engxoxweni yansuku zonke (isib. 먹었어요, 갔어요).
Izisekelo - Izibonelo Zezizenzo Ezingavamile
Nakuba imithetho ka--았/었/였- ijwayelekile ezenzweni eziningi, izenzo eziningi ezivamile azijwayelekile (njengo-듣다 → 들었어요). Kubalulekile ukwazi ngalezi zindlela ezingajwayelekile.
Izinga 1
Funda lokhu ngokulandelayo
Izakhiwo ezakhelwe phezu kwalesi.
- -았/었던Had Been, Used ToIzinga 3
- -았/었으면 좋겠다Ngifisa, NgithembaIzinga 3
- -았/었을 것Would Have, Must HaveIzinga 3
- -ㄴ/는/ㄹ 뻔했다Cishe, kancaneIzinga 4
- -ㄴ/는/ㄹ 줄 몰랐다Angazi ukuthi…, Bengingazi ukuthi…Izinga 4
- -ㄴ/는/ㄹ 줄 알았다Bengicabanga ukuthi…, Bengicabanga ukuthi…Izinga 4
- -아/어 봤자Noma WenzaIzinga 4
- -았/었더니Lapho Ngenza, Ngemuva KokwenzaIzinga 4
Kanye nezinye ezingu-2 ohlwini oluphelele.