이다
Ukuba
I-이다 yisenzi sesiKorea esisho 'to be'. Inamathela emabizweni ukuze isho ukuthi 'Isihloko singu-Noun'. Ngokwesibonelo, '저는 학생이다' kusho ukuthi 'I am a student'.
Isebenza kanjani
I-이다 ilingana nesiNgisi esithi 'to be' (am, is, are). Ihlale inamathela ngqo ekupheleni kwebizo, ngaphandle kwesikhala. Uhlobo lwayo lushintsha kuye ngezinga lomusa nomsindo wokugcina webizo elilandela lona.
Uhlobo Olujwayelekile Olunomusa (-요)
Lolu wuhlobo oluvame kakhulu ezingxoxweni zansuku zonke.
- Ngemva kwebizo eliphela ngongwaqa, sebenzisa u-이에요.
학생 (student) + 이에요 → 학생이에요. (I am a student.)
책 (book) + 이에요 → 책이에요. (It is a book.) - Ngemva kwebizo eliphela ngonkamisa, sebenzisa u-예요.
의사 (doctor) + 예요 → 의사예요. (He is a doctor.)
사과 (apple) + 예요 → 사과예요. (It is an apple.)
Uhlobo Olusemthethweni Olunomusa (-ㅂ/습니다)
Lolu hlobo lusetshenziswa ezimweni ezisemthethweni kakhulu, njengezethulo noma imibiko yezindaba. Luhlale luba ngu-입니다, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiliphi ibizo elandulelayo.
- 학생 + 입니다 → 학생입니다.
- 의사 + 입니다 → 의사입니다.
Izinhlobo Zemibuzo
Ukuze ubuze umbuzo, uvele uphakamise ithoni ekupheleni komusho.
- Okunomusa: 학생이에요? / 의사예요?
- Okusemthethweni: 학생입니까? / 의사입니까?
Izibonelo (4)
- 저는 학생이에요.
I am a student.
Igama ngegama: I topic-marker student am.
Ibizo elithi '학생' liphela ngongwaqa (ㄴ), ngakho kusetshenziswa u-'이에요'.
- 이것은 사과예요.
This is an apple.
Igama ngegama: This topic-marker apple is.
Ibizo elithi '사과' liphela ngonkamisa (ㅘ), ngakho kusetshenziswa u-'예요'.
- 그 사람은 의사입니까?
Is that person a doctor?
Igama ngegama: That person topic-marker doctor is (formal question)?
Lolu wuhlobo lombuzo olusemthethweni, '입니까?', olusetshenziswa ezimweni ezisemthethweni noma ezinomusa kakhulu.
- 제 이름은 김민준입니다.
My name is Kim Minjun.
Igama ngegama: My name topic-marker Kim Minjun is (formal).
Lolu wuhlobo lwesitatimende esisemthethweni, '입니다', oluvame ukusetshenziswa ekwethuleni abantu.
Amaphutha avamile
Ukudida u-'이에요' no-'예요'.
이것은 책예요.이것은 책이에요.Ibizo elithi '책' liphela ngongwaqa (ㄱ), ngakho kufanele usebenzise u-'이에요'. U-'예요' usetshenziswa kuphela ngemva kwamabizo aphela ngonkamisa (isibonelo, '사과예요').
Ukunamathisela u-'이다' ezenzweni noma ezichazamazwini.
날씨가 예쁘다예요.날씨가 예뻐요.U-'이다' unganamatheliswa kuphela emabizweni. Izichazamazwi ezifana no-'예쁘다' (ukuba muhle) nezenzi sezivele ziqukethe incazelo ethi 'to be' futhi ziyaziguqula zona ngokwazo.
Ukushiya isikhala ngaphambi kuka-'이다'.
저는 학생 이에요.저는 학생이에요.U-'이다' uyicopula efana nesijobelelo futhi kufanele inamathele ngqo ebizweni ngaphandle kwesikhala.
Ihlangana kanjani
Funda lokhu kuqala
Izakhiwo ezihlobene
- 은/는Isiphawuli Sesihloko
Imisho ye-'이다' ikhomba isihloko. Isimaki sesihloko esithi 은/는 yisona esivame kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ukumaka ibizo elichazwa yisisho se-'이다'.
Izinga 1 - 이/가Isiphawuli Sesihloko
Isimaki sesihloko esithi 이/가 singasetshenziswa futhi no-'이다', ngokuvamile ukukhomba into okokuqala noma ukwengeza ukugcizelela. Ngokwesibonelo, '누가 학생이에요?' (Ubani umfundi?).
Izinga 1 - -요Isiphawulo Sokuhlonipha
U-'이다' uguquka ube ngu-'이에요/예요' esitayeleni sokukhuluma esinomusa esijwayelekile. Lesi sitayela sibonakala ngokuphela ngo--요. Ukuqonda lesi siphetho kubalulekile ekusebenziseni u-'이다' ezingxoxweni zansuku zonke.
Izisekelo - -ㅂ/습니다Isiphetho Esisemthethweni Esinesizotha
Ezimweni ezisemthethweni, u-'이다' uguquka ube ngu-'입니다'. Lokhu kusebenzisa isiphetho esisemthethweni esinomusa, okubalulekile ekuboniseni izinga eliphezulu lenhlonipho.
Izinga 1 - 안/못Cha
Ukuze usho ukuthi into 'ayisilo' ibizo, awusebenzisi amaphethini ajwayelekile okulandula afana no-'안'. Kunalokho, u-'이다' unalo uhlobo lwakhe olukhethekile lokulandula: '아니다' (isibonelo, 학생이 아니에요 - Angisiye umfundi).
Izinga 1
Funda lokhu ngokulandelayo
Izakhiwo ezakhelwe phezu kwalesi.
- -가Busan: checking a noun predicateIzinga 1
- -(으)ㄹ 계획이다Ukuhlela, ukuhloseIzinga 3
- -(으)ㄹ 뿐이다OkuphelaIzinga 3
- -(으)ㄹ 예정이다Ukuhlelelwa, ukuhlelaIzinga 3
- -는 길이다Indlela yoku, ukuthi kanjaniIzinga 3
- -는 법이다Indlela yokwenza, ukuthi kwenziwa kanjaniIzinga 3
- -는 편이다Tend To, RatherIzinga 3
- -(이)라고Ukuthi (no-이다)Izinga 3
Kanye nezinye ezingu-8 ohlwini oluphelele.