Perfective Verb + گیا / گئی / گئے

A Completed Passive

Level 4

Build the passive from the transitive verb.

How It Works

The first participle and the passive auxiliary agree with an unmarked subject. Masculine خط gives بھیجا گیا, while feminine درخواست gives بھیجی گئی.

Feminine plural agreement is carried by the final form: درخواستیں بھیجی گئیں. The first participle is بھیجی, without adding a nasal ending to it.

A کو-marked affected person does not control agreement in the same way. مریم کو بلایا گیا uses the masculine singular default, even though Maryam is feminine. Do not add نے to the passive subject.

Examples (4)

  1. خط کل بھیجا گیا۔

    The letter was sent yesterday.

    The masculine singular subject selects بھیجا گیا.

  2. درخواست صبح بھیجی گئی۔

    The application was sent in the morning.

    The feminine singular subject selects بھیجی گئی.

  3. تمام درخواستیں بھیجی گئیں۔

    All the applications were sent.

    The final auxiliary marks the feminine plural.

  4. مریم کو اندر بلایا گیا۔

    Maryam was called inside.

    The کو-marked participant leaves default masculine singular agreement.

How It Connects

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Perfective Verb + گیا / گئی / گئےLevel 4A Completed Passive

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Recognize the passive structure.

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Patterns that build on this one.

Words in This Pattern

جانا