Adjective Agreement

Foundations

Follow the noun being described. Check whether the adjective belongs to a changing pattern before altering its ending.

How It Works

Use نیا with a masculine direct singular noun: نیا جوتا. With a feminine noun, use نئی: نئی چابی.

For this adjective, نئے occurs in the masculine direct plural نئے جوتے and in the masculine oblique singular نئے جوتے میں. As with noun endings, the same adjective spelling can have different roles.

The feminine form stays نئی in نئی چابیاں. Do not add a plural noun ending to the adjective.

صاف is fixed: صاف جوتا and صاف چابی both use it unchanged. The pattern belongs to the adjective, so learn unfamiliar adjectives in a short noun phrase.

Examples (6)

  1. یہ جوتا نیا ہے۔

    This shoe is new.

    نیا agrees with masculine singular جوتا.

  2. یہ چابی نئی ہے۔

    This key is new.

    نئی agrees with feminine چابی.

  3. یہ جوتے نئے ہیں۔

    These shoes are new.

    نئے agrees with masculine plural جوتے.

  4. نئے جوتے میں ریت ہے۔

    There is sand in the new shoe.

    Both نئے and جوتے are masculine oblique singular before میں.

  5. یہ چابیاں نئی ہیں۔

    These keys are new.

    The adjective stays نئی with a feminine plural.

  6. جوتا صاف ہے اور چابی بھی صاف ہے۔

    The shoe is clean, and the key is clean too.

    صاف keeps the same form with both nouns.

Common Mistakes

  • Keeping a changing adjective masculine with a feminine noun.

    یہ چابی نیا ہے۔
    یہ چابی نئی ہے۔

    چابی is feminine, so this adjective uses نئی.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

Adjective AgreementFoundations

Learn Next

Patterns that build on this one.

And 6 more in the full list.