-ल्यावाचून

Without Doing in Literary Prose

Level 6Sounds Like lyāvācūna

The word does not change, and the main verb is often negative: without the first thing, the second does not happen.

How It Works

To say without doing, Marathi has the everyday -ल्याशिवाय (Level 4) and the more literary -ल्यावाचून. Both are built from the past stem in -ल्या: केल्या- from करणे, बोलल्या- from बोलणे, कळवल्या- from कळवणे.

VerbFormMeaning
करणेकेल्यावाचूनwithout doing
बोलणेबोलल्यावाचूनwithout saying
कळवणेकळवल्यावाचूनwithout informing

The word is written as one word. वाचून does not stand apart.

The pattern often states a general truth with a negative verb: काम केल्यावाचून फळ मिळत नाही. It also describes an action that was left out: त्याने काही बोलल्यावाचून पत्र टेबलावर ठेवले.

The same word वाचून also follows nouns and pronouns: तुझ्यावाचून (without you).

Use -ल्याशिवाय in everyday writing and speech. Use -ल्यावाचून where you want the tone of a proverb, an essay or an old letter.

Both forms stay the same whatever the subject: आम्ही, ती or आजोबा all use केल्यावाचून. The verb at the end of the sentence carries the tense and agrees as it would anywhere else: with the subject, or with the object in a past action with -ने.

Examples (5)

  1. काम केल्यावाचून फळ मिळत नाही.

    There is no reward without work.

    केल्यावाचून gives without doing in a general truth.

  2. परिश्रम केल्यावाचून कोणतेही यश मिळत नाही.

    No success comes without effort.

    The negative main verb states the rule.

  3. त्याने काही बोलल्यावाचून पत्र टेबलावर ठेवले.

    Without saying anything, he put the letter on the table.

    बोलल्यावाचून describes the manner of the action.

  4. आईला विचारल्यावाचून ती कोणताही निर्णय घेत नाही.

    She makes no decision without asking her mother.

    विचारल्यावाचून comes with the same subject, ती.

  5. कोणालाही कळवल्यावाचून तो शहर सोडून गेला.

    He left the city without telling anyone.

    कळवल्यावाचून stays the same while the main verb agrees with तो.

Common Mistakes

  • Splitting वाचून from the verb.

    काम केल्या वाचून फळ मिळत नाही.
    काम केल्यावाचून फळ मिळत नाही.

    वाचून joins the stem and is written as one word.

  • Using the Hindi word बिना.

    काम केल्याबिना फळ मिळत नाही.
    काम केल्यावाचून फळ मिळत नाही.

    बिना is Hindi. Marathi writes -ल्यावाचून or -ल्याशिवाय.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

-ल्यावाचूनLevel 6Without Doing in Literary Prose

Learn This First

Without doing in writing.