-ल्याशिवाय

Not Without Doing

Level 4Sounds Like lyāśivāya

The sentence that follows is usually negative: तिकीट काढल्याशिवाय आत जाता येत नाही.

How It Works

Take the past form and change its last part to -ल्याशिवाय: जेवला → जेवल्याशिवाय, काढला → काढल्याशिवाय, पडला → पडल्याशिवाय.

VerbWith -ल्याशिवाय
जेवणेजेवल्याशिवाय
विचारणेविचारल्याशिवाय
काढणेकाढल्याशिवाय
भेटणेभेटल्याशिवाय

The sentence has two parts. The part with -ल्याशिवाय names the thing that must happen first. The main clause says what cannot happen before it: you cannot leave, cannot go in, will not go.

The main clause is usually negative: जाऊ नकोस, जाता येत नाही, भरत नाही, जाणार नाही. A question that expects “no” also fits: विचारल्याशिवाय कसे कळेल? A positive main clause gives the plain meaning “without”: तो विचार केल्याशिवाय बोलला means he spoke without thinking.

The pattern is written as one word, and the verb carries no tense of its own. The sentence gets its tense from the main clause: पाऊस पडल्याशिवाय धरण भरत नाही.

The same idea with a noun is -शिवाय: जेवणाशिवाय.

The English is often “unless”: पाऊस पडल्याशिवाय means “unless it rains”. A polite notice uses the same pattern: कृपया तिकीट दाखवल्याशिवाय आत जाऊ नका.

Examples (5)

  1. जेवल्याशिवाय जाऊ नकोस.

    Don't leave without eating.

    जेवल्याशिवाय says eating must come first.

  2. विचारल्याशिवाय काहीही घेऊ नका.

    Don't take anything without asking.

    विचारल्याशिवाय names the thing that has to happen first.

  3. तिकीट काढल्याशिवाय आत जाता येत नाही.

    You can't go in without buying a ticket.

    The main clause is negative.

  4. पाऊस पडल्याशिवाय धरण भरत नाही.

    The dam doesn't fill unless it rains.

    पडल्याशिवाय sets the rain as the condition.

  5. ती आल्याशिवाय मी जाणार नाही.

    I won't go unless she comes.

    आल्याशिवाय has ती as its own doer.

Common Mistakes

  • Writing the verb and -शिवाय apart.

    जेवला शिवाय जाऊ नकोस.
    जेवल्याशिवाय जाऊ नकोस.

    The form is one word, with -ल्या-.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

-ल्याशिवायLevel 4Not Without Doing

Learn This First

Without doing uses -ल्या.

Words in This Pattern

शिवाय