이다
To Be
이다 is the Korean 'to be' verb. It attaches to nouns to say 'Subject is Noun'. For example, '저는 학생이다' means 'I am a student'.
ഇത് എങ്ങനെ പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നു
이다 is the Korean equivalent of 'to be' (am, is, are). It is always attached directly to the end of a noun, without a space. Its form changes depending on the politeness level and the final sound of the noun it follows.
Standard Polite Form (-요)
This is the most common form in daily conversation.
- After a noun ending in a consonant, use 이에요.
학생 (student) + 이에요 → 학생이에요. (I am a student.)
책 (book) + 이에요 → 책이에요. (It is a book.) - After a noun ending in a vowel, use 예요.
의사 (doctor) + 예요 → 의사예요. (He is a doctor.)
사과 (apple) + 예요 → 사과예요. (It is an apple.)
Formal Polite Form (-ㅂ/습니다)
This form is used in more formal settings, like presentations or news reports. It always becomes 입니다, regardless of the preceding noun.
- 학생 + 입니다 → 학생입니다.
- 의사 + 입니다 → 의사입니다.
Question Forms
To ask a question, you simply raise the intonation at the end of the sentence.
- Polite: 학생이에요? / 의사예요?
- Formal: 학생입니까? / 의사입니까?
ഉദാഹരണങ്ങൾ (4)
- 저는 학생이에요.
I am a student.
വാക്കിന് വാക്ക്: I topic-marker student am.
The noun '학생' ends in a consonant (ㄴ), so '이에요' is used.
- 이것은 사과예요.
This is an apple.
വാക്കിന് വാക്ക്: This topic-marker apple is.
The noun '사과' ends in a vowel (ㅘ), so '예요' is used.
- 그 사람은 의사입니까?
Is that person a doctor?
വാക്കിന് വാക്ക്: That person topic-marker doctor is (formal question)?
This is the formal question form, '입니까?', used in formal or very polite situations.
- 제 이름은 김민준입니다.
My name is Kim Minjun.
വാക്കിന് വാക്ക്: My name topic-marker Kim Minjun is (formal).
This is the formal statement form, '입니다', often used for introductions.
സാധാരണ തെറ്റുകൾ
Confusing '이에요' and '예요'.
이것은 책예요.이것은 책이에요.The noun '책' ends in a consonant (ㄱ), so you must use '이에요'. '예요' is only used after nouns that end in a vowel (e.g., '사과예요').
Attaching '이다' to adjectives or verbs.
날씨가 예쁘다예요.날씨가 예뻐요.'이다' can only be attached to nouns. Adjectives like '예쁘다' (to be pretty) and verbs already contain the meaning of 'to be' and conjugate on their own.
Leaving a space before '이다'.
저는 학생 이에요.저는 학생이에요.'이다' is a particle-like copula and must be attached directly to the noun without any space.
ഇത് എങ്ങനെ ബന്ധപ്പെടുന്നു
ആദ്യം ഇത് പഠിക്കൂ
ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ഘടനകൾ
- 은/는Topic Marker
'이다' sentences identify a topic. The topic marker 은/는 is most commonly used to mark the noun that the '이다' phrase is describing.
ലെവൽ 1 - 이/가Subject Marker
The subject marker 이/가 can also be used with '이다', often to identify something for the first time or to add emphasis. For example, '누가 학생이에요?' (Who is the student?).
ലെവൽ 1 - -요Politeness Marker
'이다' conjugates to '이에요/예요' in the standard polite speech style. This style is characterized by the -요 ending. Understanding this ending is crucial for using '이다' in everyday conversations.
അടിസ്ഥാനകാര്യങ്ങൾ - -ㅂ/습니다ഔദ്യോഗിക മര്യാദയുള്ള അന്ത്യം
In formal situations, '이다' conjugates to '입니다'. This uses the formal polite ending, which is important for showing a high level of respect.
ലെവൽ 1 - 안/못부정문
To say something 'is not' a noun, you do not use the standard negation patterns like '안'. Instead, '이다' has its own special negative form: '아니다' (e.g., 학생이 아니에요 - I am not a student).
ലെവൽ 1
അടുത്തതായി പഠിക്കൂ
ഇതിനെ ആശ്രയിച്ചുള്ള ഘടനകൾ.
- -가Busan: checking a noun predicateലെവൽ 1
- -(으)ㄹ 계획이다Plan to, Intend toലെവൽ 3
- -(으)ㄹ 뿐이다Onlyലെവൽ 3
- -(으)ㄹ 예정이다예정이다 (Be Scheduled To, Plan To)ലെവൽ 3
- -는 길이다The way to, how toലെവൽ 3
- -는 법이다The Way To, How Toലെവൽ 3
- -는 편이다Tend to, ratherലെവൽ 3
- -(이)라고-(이)라고 사용하기ലെവൽ 3
പൂർണ്ണ പട്ടികയിൽ ഇനിയും 8 എണ്ണമുണ്ട്.