ดังนั้น

Thus

Level 2

ดังนั้น means therefore or thus in these sentences. It links the preceding information to a result or conclusion; the connector alone does not prove that the conclusion is true.

How It Works

Read The Stated Connection
ดังนั้น means ‘therefore’ or ‘thus.’ ฝนตกหนัก ดังนั้นเขาจึงมาสาย presents heavy rain and then his late arrival as a result. The hard-work example presents success as a result of working hard. These sentences state connections; they do not prove that rain or hard work always produces those outcomes.

Find The Words In The Result Clause
In ดังนั้นเขาจึงมาสาย, เขา appears before จึง. The shorter ดังนั้นจึงต้องแก้ไข leaves the subject unstated. The card asks for the order in the first complete expression; it does not ban adjacent ดังนั้นจึง in other contexts.

Notice The Example Without จึง
ตอนนี้ลมแรงมาก ดังนั้นเธอต้องจับร่มให้แน่นๆ contains ดังนั้น and ต้อง without จึง. It presents strong wind as the reason for the instruction to hold the umbrella tightly. Read the obligation from ต้อง rather than from ดังนั้น alone.

Compare Whole Constructions
Compare ก็เลย, ฉะนั้น, and เพราะฉะนั้น in their complete sentences. Sharing an English translation does not establish one fixed hierarchy of formality or allow every word to be swapped in every construction.

Examples (4)

ฝนตกหนัก ดังนั้นเขาจึงมาสาย
It rained heavily; therefore, he arrived late.
Word by Word: Rain fall heavy, therefore he [consequently] come late.
ดังนั้น introduces the result clause; เขา is the explicit subject and จึง occurs before มาสาย.
เขาทำงานหนักมาก ดังนั้นเขาจึงประสบความสำเร็จ
He worked very hard; consequently, he achieved success.
Word by Word: He work hard very, therefore he [consequently] meet success.
The sentence presents success as a result of hard work. It does not state that all hard work guarantees success.
ตอนนี้ลมแรงมาก ดังนั้นเธอต้องจับร่มให้แน่นๆ
The wind is very strong now; therefore, you must hold the umbrella tightly.
Word by Word: Now wind strong very, therefore you must hold umbrella for tight-tight.
ดังนั้น introduces the resulting instruction. ต้อง expresses the obligation, and the sentence does not contain จึง.
ดังนั้นจึงต้องแก้ไข
Thus, it must be fixed.
Word by Word: Therefore [consequently] must fix.
This short expression contains adjacent ดังนั้นจึง and no explicit subject. The preceding context supplies what must be corrected.

Common Mistakes

Place เขา Before จึง In This Pattern
ดังนั้นจึงเขามาสาย
ดังนั้นเขาจึงมาสาย
The task asks for ดังนั้นเขาจึงมาสาย with an explicit result-clause subject. ดังนั้นจึงเขามาสาย does not reproduce that order. The example ดังนั้นจึงต้องแก้ไข elsewhere in the lesson has an unstated subject, so adjacent ดังนั้นจึง is not itself an error.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

ดังนั้นLevel 2Thus

Learn This First

ดังนั้น is a formal conjunction used primarily in writing to introduce a conclusion or result. To use it correctly, learners should already be familiar with basic logical connectors like 'because' and 'therefore' (เพราะฉะนั้น), as well as how to structure resultative sentences using the particle ก็.

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