จึง

And Therefore

Level 5

จึง can connect a cause with a result or mark a following step. In เขาจึงมาสาย, the expressed subject เขา precedes จึง and the result predicate.

How It Works

จึง connects a statement with a following consequence or step. The dictionary gives both a result of a preceding cause and an action done afterward.

1. Find The Result
ฝนตกหนักเขาจึงมาสาย presents heavy rain as the reason for his late arrival. เขา comes before จึง, followed by มาสาย. In the selected card, use ฝนตกหนัก เขาจึงมาสาย to reproduce that order. This example is not a prohibition on every clause that begins with จึง.

2. Notice An Unstated Subject
The dictionary example กินข้าวแล้วจึงไป says that going follows eating, without an expressed subject before จึง. Read the complete clause to identify the actor. จึง appears before the predicate in these patterns; it need not be immediately adjacent to the main verb.

3. Read Negation In The Result
จึงไม่ไป combines จึง with ไม่ before ไป. The negative marker is part of the result being expressed. This pattern does not establish the order of every possible particle in every negative sentence.

4. Compare The Complete Connectors
The examples contain เพราะ introducing a reason, เมื่อ introducing a prior condition, and ดังนั้น introducing a result statement. Compare เพราะฉะนั้น and ก็เลย in their own examples. These links do not imply identical placement or a measured formal-versus-casual frequency. จึง presents the speaker’s connection between events; it does not prove the outcome inevitable.

Examples (4)

  1. ฝนตกหนักเขาจึงมาสาย

    It rained heavily, so he arrived late.

    Word by Word: Rain fall heavy he therefore come late

    Notice that 'jueng' comes after the subject 'khao' (he) and before the verb 'maa' (come).

  2. เพราะเขาขยันเขาจึงประสบความสำเร็จ

    Because he is diligent, he (therefore) achieved success.

    Word by Word: Because he diligent he therefore meet success

    เพราะ introduces the reason, his diligence, and จึง precedes the stated result, achieving success.

  3. เมื่อได้รับอนุญาตแล้วเราจึงเริ่มดำเนินการ

    Once permission was received, we then began the operation.

    Word by Word: When receive permission already we therefore start operate

    Here, 'jueng' marks the logical next step after a condition ('when permission was received') was met.

  4. ดังนั้นรัฐบาลจึงประกาศกฎหมายใหม่

    Thus, the government (therefore) announced a new law.

    Word by Word: Thus government therefore announce law new

    ดังนั้น begins the statement; รัฐบาล precedes จึง and the announcement. Read the whole sentence to identify the prior reason.

Common Mistakes

  • Use เขา Before จึง In This Statement.

    ฝนตกหนัก จึงเขามาสาย
    ฝนตกหนัก เขาจึงมาสาย

    The selected statement uses เขาจึงมาสาย: เขา precedes จึง and มาสาย. Use that order for this task. A clause with an understood subject can begin with จึง, so the card is not a ban on every clause-initial use.

  • Using จึง When The Task Requests ก็เลย.

    หิวมาก จึงไปกินข้าว
    หิวมาก ก็เลยไปกินข้าว

    Both sentences are grammatical. This card requests the wording with ก็เลย. The pair does not establish a measured difference in conversational frequency or make จึง unsuitable for every conversation.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

จึงLevel 5And Therefore

Learn This First

To understand 'จึง', you need to be comfortable with basic Thai sentence structure (Subject + Verb + Object) because 'จึง' is placed specifically before the verb of the result clause. It is also helpful to understand other logical connectors like 'เพราะฉะนั้น' (therefore) and 'ก็' (then) to see how 'จึง' fits into the system of expressing cause and effect.

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Patterns that build on this one.

Words in This Pattern

จึง