Official and Legal Style
Official Esperanto uses fixed formulas, such as la subskribinto, laŭ la artikolo and ĉiu rajtas.
How It Works
| Formula | Meaning |
|---|---|
| supre, ĉi-supre | above, earlier in this text |
| sube, ĉi-sube | below, later in this text |
| la subskribinto | the undersigned |
| laŭ la artikolo | according to the article |
| ĉiu rajtas | everyone has the right |
PMEG explains ĉi-supre as the place earlier in this text and ĉi-sube as the place later in it. The word laŭ shows what a thing agrees with, such as an order or a rule. The verb rajti takes an infinitive: La papo ne rajtas edziĝi.
La subskribinto is a participle noun: the one who has signed. It is a short way to refer to oneself in a formal document.
The style is plain and exact. Sentences are complete, and every right or duty is named.
Examples (5)
- Ĉiu rajtas voĉdoni en la kunveno.
Everyone has the right to vote at the meeting.
Ĉiu rajtas names a right, and the infinitive says which one.
- La subskribinto petas la komitaton respondi ĝis la 15-a de decembro.
The undersigned asks the committee to answer by 15 December.
La subskribinto is the person who signs.
- Laŭ la tria artikolo de la regularo, ĉiu membro rajtas voĉdoni.
According to the third article of the rules, every member has the right to vote.
Laŭ names the rule that the statement agrees with.
- La ĉi-supre citita artikolo estas de Ana.
The article quoted above is by Ana.
Ĉi-supre points to the text before.
- Ni donas ĉi-sube la protokolon de la lasta kunsido.
We give below the minutes of the last meeting.
Ĉi-sube points to the text after.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Official style uses formulas, participle nouns and laŭ.
Related Patterns
Practice Official and Legal Style in Bubblegum
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