-inta
-inta: Having Done
-inta means the action is already finished.
How It Works
| Verb | Participle | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| veni | veninta | who has come |
| forgesi | forgesinta | who has forgotten |
| foriri | foririnta | who has left |
| helpi | helpinta | who has helped |
It is an adjective, so it agrees with its noun: la veninta gasto, la venintaj gastoj, la venintan gaston. Add ĵus to stress that it just happened: la ĵus veninta gasto.
The finished action is measured from the main verb. In La veninta gasto sidas apud Ana, the guest has already come and now sits. The passive partner is -ita, which describes the thing the action was done to.
Examples (5)
- La veninta gasto sidas apud Ana.
The guest who has arrived is sitting next to Ana.
Veninta looks back at the arrival.
- La forgesinta knabo serĉas sian libron.
The boy who forgot is looking for his book.
Forgesinta describes the boy who has forgotten.
- Ewa parolas kun la foririnta amiko per telefono.
Ewa is talking by telephone with the friend who has left.
Foririnta describes the friend who has gone away.
- Mi ŝatas la ĵus alvenintajn gastojn.
I like the guests who have just arrived.
Alvenintajn agrees with gastojn, so it has -j and -n.
- Pavel dankas la helpintan Hiron.
Pavel thanks Hiro, who helped.
Helpintan describes Hiro as the one who helped.
Common Mistakes
Using a passive participle for a verb that has no object.
La okazita festo estis bonega.La okazinta festo estis bonega.Okazi never has an object, so it has no passive participle. A party that took place is okazinta.
How It Connects
Learn This First
-inta changes only the tense of -anta.
Related Patterns
Learn Next
Patterns that build on this one.
Practice -inta in Bubblegum
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