feliĉan naskiĝtagon
Wishes and Congratulations
A wish is a short phrase with -n.
How It Works
| Say | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Feliĉan naskiĝtagon! | Happy birthday! |
| Bonan vojaĝon! | Have a good trip! |
| Feliĉan novjaron! | Happy New Year! |
| Ĝojan feston! | Happy holiday! |
| Bonan apetiton! | Enjoy your meal! |
| Gratulon! | Congratulations! |
Most of these are short for a full sentence: Mi deziras al vi bonan vojaĝon (I wish you a good trip). Esperanto keeps only what you wish for, and the object ending stays. PMEG notes that many fixed phrases like this end in -n.
The describing word matches its noun: feliĉan naskiĝtagon, both with -n.
To name the person, add al: Feliĉan novjaron al vi kaj via familio!
Examples (5)
- Feliĉan naskiĝtagon, Hiro!
Happy birthday, Hiro!
Both the describing word and the noun end in -n.
- Bonan vojaĝon, Mei, kaj ĝis revido!
Have a good trip, Mei, and goodbye!
The wish and the goodbye can stand together.
- Feliĉan novjaron al vi kaj via familio!
Happy New Year to you and your family!
Al names the people who receive the wish.
- Gratulon, Ewa!
Congratulations, Ewa!
Gratulon is a short phrase that ends in -n.
- Bonan apetiton, Kofi!
Enjoy your meal, Kofi!
Bonan apetiton wishes a good meal, and both words end in -n.
Common Mistakes
Putting -n on the describing word but not on the noun.
Feliĉan naskiĝtago, Hiro!Feliĉan naskiĝtagon, Hiro!The describing word and its noun match, so both need -n.
How It Connects
Learn This First
A wish names what you wish for, so it takes -n like a greeting.
Related Patterns
Learn Next
Patterns that build on this one.
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