-एको छ

Completed Actions Relevant Now

Level 3Sounds Like ēkō cha

-एको छ links a finished action to the present.

How It Works

The simple past tells a story: मैले खाएँ (I ate). The perfect in -एको छ shows what the result is now: मैले खाएको छु (I have eaten, so I am not hungry).

DoerForm
म (man)गएको छु
म (woman)गएकी छु
तिमीगएका छौ
उनी (woman)गएकी छिन्
हामी, उनीहरूगएका छौँ, गएका छन्

With a verb that does something to an object, the doer takes ले: उनले फोन गरेकी छिन्. The verb still agrees with the doer, not with the object.

It also shows whether you have ever done something: म दुई पटक पोखरा गएको छु (I have been to Pokhara twice).

For a respected person such as उहाँ or तपाईं, use -नुभएको छ.

Examples (5)

  1. मैले खाना खाएको छु।

    I have eaten.

    खाएको छु is the perfect, and मैले is the doer.

  2. म दुई पटक पोखरा गएको छु।

    I have been to Pokhara twice.

    गएको छु tells what you have done in your life so far.

  3. सरिता घर पुगेकी छिन्।

    Sarita has reached home.

    -एकी and छिन् agree with a woman.

  4. रमेशले टिकट किनेको छ।

    Ramesh has bought the ticket.

    A doer who acts on an object takes ले.

  5. साथीहरू आएका छन्।

    The friends have come.

    -एका and छन् agree with several doers.

Common Mistakes

  • Leaving out ले with a verb that acts on an object.

    म खाना खाएको छु।
    मैले खाना खाएको छु।

    खानु acts on an object, so the perfect needs मैले.

  • Not agreeing with several doers.

    साथीहरू आएको छन्।
    साथीहरू आएका छन्।

    -एको becomes -एका when the doers are several.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

-एको छLevel 3Completed Actions Relevant Now

Learn This First

-एको छ says an action is complete and still matters; it ends with छ.

Learn Next

Patterns that build on this one.