-नुभएको छ

Polite Perfect with तपाईं

Level 3Sounds Like nubha'ēkō cha

-नुभएको छ is the polite perfect, for people you respect.

How It Works

The plain perfect -एको छ does not show respect. When you speak to or about someone you respect, replace -एको with -नुभएको.

PlainPolite
खाएको छखानुभएको छ
गएको छजानुभएको छ
आएको छआउनुभएको छ
गरेको छगर्नुभएको छ

The helper is छ here: उहाँ आउनुभएको छ. Compare the present progressive, where the helper does change: उहाँ आउँदै हुनुहुन्छ.

A negative is -नुभएको छैन: तपाईंले अझै खानुभएको छैन? (have you not eaten yet?). Use this form with elders and customers, and the plain form with close friends and younger people.

The same -नुभ- part also forms the past: तपाईं आउनुभयो (you came). The perfect adds the sense that the result still holds.

Examples (5)

  1. तपाईंले खाना खानुभएको छ?

    Have you eaten?

    खानुभएको छ is the polite perfect.

  2. उहाँ घर पुग्नुभएको छ।

    He has reached home.

    The form fits a respected person.

  3. तपाईं कहिल्यै पोखरा जानुभएको छ?

    Have you ever been to Pokhara?

    कहिल्यै asks about your whole life so far.

  4. शिक्षकले हामीलाई गृहकार्य दिनुभएको छ।

    The teacher has given us homework.

    The doer takes ले, and the verb is polite.

  5. बुबाले फोन गर्नुभएको छ।

    Father has phoned.

    -नुभएको shows respect for a parent.

Common Mistakes

  • Using the plain perfect with तपाईं.

    तपाईंले खाना खाएको छ?
    तपाईंले खाना खानुभएको छ?

    With तपाईं the verb must show respect.

  • Using the polite form for yourself.

    म घर पुग्नुभएको छु।
    म घर पुगेको छु।

    -नुभएको shows respect for someone else. Never use it for yourself.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

-नुभएको छLevel 3Polite Perfect with तपाईं

Learn This First

-नुभएको छ is the polite form of the perfect.