en (complement preposicional)
En for De-Complements
En can replace a recoverable complement introduced by de, not only a counted direct object.
How It Works
Verbs such as parlar de, dependre de and adonar-se de license en when their complement is understood. Thus parlem del projecte becomes en parlem. The original preposition disappears because en already represents that relation.
Related uses occur with adjectives or nouns: estar orgullós de la feina can give n'està orgullós. Decide whether the omitted phrase is actually a de-complement; an unrelated place or a complement governed by another preposition often needs hi instead.
Some verbs include a reflexive pronoun as well. Adonar-se de gives se n'adona, keeping both se and en. Do not drop the reflexive part or double the same complement in an ordinary unmarked clause.
Examples (3)
- Del projecte, en parlarem demà.
We will discuss the project tomorrow.
- La decisió en depèn.
The decision depends on it.
- Se n'adona massa tard.
He realizes it too late.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Identify the de-complement replaced by en before extending its use. Recognize lexical preposition government before replacing or dropping its complement marker.
Related Patterns
- en (partitiu amb quantificadors)Partitive En with Quantifiers
Compare partitive en with quantities.
Level 4 - hi (complements de règim a/en)Hi with Governed a and En Complements
Use hi for appropriate non-de complements.
Level 4 - en (complement de règim)En for Complements Introduced by De
Apply en beyond simple object replacement.
Level 6
Learn Next
Patterns that build on this one.
Words in This Pattern
Practice en (complement preposicional) in Bubblegum
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