en (complements de verbs, adjectius i noms)
En with De-Complements
En can replace a recoverable complement introduced by de, not only a counted direct object.
How It Works
Verbs such as parlar de, dependre de and adonar-se de license en when their complement is understood. Thus parlem del projecte becomes en parlem. The original preposition disappears because en already represents that relation.
With a predicate adjective, en refers to the cause or content of the attitude rather than the person feeling it: de la feina, n'està orgullosa. The adjective still agrees with its subject. With a noun complement, examine whether en can be recovered naturally from context instead of deleting any de phrase mechanically. Some fixed expressions contain en lexically; recognizing those avoids inventing a missing object where none is intended.
Examples (3)
- De la feina feta, n'està orgullosa.
She is proud of the work done.
- No en recordo el títol.
I do not remember its title.
- En desconec la causa.
I do not know its cause.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Identify the de-complement represented by en before interpreting longer examples.