ในกรณีที่
In the Event That
ในกรณีที่ introduces the case or event under which the following instruction, claim, or action applies. Learn its conditional role in the four examples here.
How It Works
In the Event That: ในกรณีที่
The phrase combines ใน (in), กรณี (case/event), and ที่ (that). In the examples, it introduces the condition for an instruction, a stated right, a stated obligation, or a later action.
1. Describe the Condition
In ในกรณีที่เกิดเหตุฉุกเฉิน, เกิด means “occur”: the condition is an emergency occurring. This clause has no separately expressed subject, so the pattern does not require every clause to show both an explicit subject and a verb. The accident exercise requests เกิดอุบัติเหตุ, describing an accident occurring, rather than leaving only the noun อุบัติเหตุ. Other predicates can form conditions, including มี and เป็น, according to the intended meaning.
2. Read What the Sentence States
The rent example states a termination right if rent payment is defaulted on. The Cabinet example states a resignation obligation if the government loses a vote. These sentences illustrate conditional grammar; they do not establish the current law or the terms of a particular agreement. The prize example shows that the condition need not be a negative event.
3. Negative Conditions
ไม่ can negate the predicate inside a condition. Read which action or state is negated in the complete clause.
4. Compare Precaution
The umbrella exercise specifically requests precaution before possible rain: use เผื่อ or เผื่อว่า. A condition with ในกรณีที่ can instead say when an action applies. The two readings differ; this is not a rule that every condition must concern law or that a conditional umbrella sentence is always ungrammatical.
Examples (4)
- ในกรณีที่เกิดเหตุฉุกเฉิน โปรดใช้บันไดหนีไฟ
In the event of an emergency, please use the fire escape.
Word by Word: In case that occur event emergency, please use stairs escape fire.
เกิด describes the emergency occurring. The conditional clause has no separately stated subject.
- ในกรณีที่ผู้เช่าผิดนัดชำระค่าเช่า ผู้ให้เช่ามีสิทธิบอกเลิกสัญญาได้ทันที
In the event that the lessee defaults on rent payment, the lessor has the right to terminate the contract immediately.
Word by Word: In case that person-rent break-appointment pay fee-rent, person-give-rent have right tell-cancel contract can immediately.
The sentence states a termination right conditional on rent default; it illustrates the grammar without establishing the current law or any particular agreement’s terms.
- คณะรัฐมนตรีจะต้องลาออกในกรณีที่รัฐบาลแพ้เสียงการลงมติ
The Cabinet must resign in the event that the government loses a vote.
Word by Word: Cabinet [future] [necessity] resign in case that government lose voice nominal-vote.
The example states a resignation obligation under the condition of losing a vote; the grammar example does not verify a current political or legal rule.
- ในกรณีที่ท่านได้รับรางวัล เจ้าหน้าที่จะติดต่อกลับโดยเร็วที่สุด
In the event that you receive a prize, staff will contact you back as soon as possible.
Word by Word: In case that you receive prize, staff will contact back by fast most.
Receiving a prize is the condition for the staff’s later contact; a condition need not describe a negative event.
Common Mistakes
Not using the requested ถ้า form for the friendly food invitation.
ในกรณีที่คุณหิว เราไปกินข้าวกันไหมถ้าคุณหิว เราไปกินข้าวกันไหมThis exercise requests ถ้า for the friendly invitation ถ้าคุณหิว เราไปกินข้าวกันไหม. The alternative ในกรณีที่ still introduces a condition; it is not forbidden in every conversation with friends.
Leaving only the accident noun in the requested accident-occurring clause.
ในกรณีที่อุบัติเหตุ...ในกรณีที่เกิดอุบัติเหตุ...After ที่, this exercise requests เกิดอุบัติเหตุ, describing an accident occurring. อุบัติเหตุ alone does not express that requested predicate. มี can express existence in other conditions; the exercise does not require every clause to have an explicit subject or condemn every contextual noun fragment.
Not using the requested precaution reading for taking an umbrella.
เอาร่มไปในกรณีที่ฝนตกเอาร่มไปเผื่อว่าฝนจะตกThe exercise requests taking an umbrella before possible rain as a precaution, with เผื่อ or เผื่อว่า. A sentence with ในกรณีที่ instead makes rain a condition for the action. That conditional reading is different, not universally ungrammatical.
How It Connects
Learn This First
The pattern 'ในกรณีที่' is a formal conditional marker used primarily in legal, official, or technical contexts. It is a compound phrase consisting of 'ใน' (in), 'กรณี' (case/event), and the relative marker 'ที่' (that). To understand it, a learner should already be familiar with basic prepositions, how 'ที่' functions to introduce a clause, and the general concept of conditional sentences in Thai.
- ในIn
The word 'ใน' (in) is the initial component of this prepositional phrase.
Level 1 - ที่ (ขยายคำนาม)The One That
The relative marker 'ที่' is used here to link the noun 'กรณี' (case/event) to a following clause.
Level 1 - ถ้าConditions with ถ้า
Understanding basic conditional structures ('if') is essential before learning formal variations like 'in the event that'.
Level 2
Related Patterns
- หากConditions with หาก
หาก can introduce an if-condition; compare the condition expressed in the complete sentence.
Level 4 - เผื่อJust in Case
เผื่อ expresses precaution in the umbrella exercise, rather than making rain the condition for the action.
Level 4 - โดยBy: Agent and Method
โดย introduces a manner expression in โดยเร็วที่สุด, “as soon as possible,” in the prize example.
Level 2 - ผู้ที่The Person Who
ผู้ที่ refers to the person or people who satisfy the following description; distinguish that relative expression from a conditional event.
Level 2 - เมื่อWhen in Time Expressions and Clauses
เมื่อ introduces a when-clause; compare a time relation with the case or event condition here.
Level 2
Words in This Pattern
Practice ในกรณีที่ in Bubblegum
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