тако да

In Serbian, consecutive clauses (последичне реченице) express an outcome or consequence directly generated by the situation in the main clause.

1. Structural Rules and Non-Mobility
Clauses introduced by , тако да are syntactically non-mobile (непокретне). They can never precede the main proposition:
• Падала је киша, тако да смо остали код куће. (Correct)
• *Тако да смо остали код куће, падала је киша. (Ungrammatical)
Standard punctuation requires a comma before the conjunction тако да.

2. Factual Result vs. Correlative Subtypes and Purpose
It is crucial to distinguish consecutive clauses from other subordinate structures and understand their subtypes:
• General Result (, тако да): Connects an entire proposition to its real-world outcome. It uses indicative verbal forms according to context—not only the present or perfect, but also the future tense (e.g., Падаће снег, тако да ћемо морати да одложимо путовање). It answers Са каквом последицом? ('With what result?').
• Correlative Consecutive Clauses: A subtype introduced by толико ... да или такав ... да, where a correlative demonstrative word (e.g., толико, такав) in the main clause establishes the degree or intensity that leads to the consequence in the dependent clause. Crucially, in standard neutral word order, correlative structures do not take a comma before да (e.g., Било је толико хладно да смо се смрзли).
• Purpose vs. Result: Unlike factual result clauses, purpose clauses (намерне реченице) express an intended goal rather than an accomplished or guaranteed consequence, using forms such as да би with the conditional.

3. Analytical and Formal Register: 'за последицу'
In formal, academic, and journalistic registers, the noun phrase за последицу is frequently used. Syntactically, this is not a single compound conjunction, but rather the consecutive conjunction тако да combining with the idiomatic transitive verbal predicate имати за последицу ('to have as a consequence'). Because имати is a personal verb, it requires an overt subject—typically the demonstrative pronoun то referring back to the preceding situation, or an explicit noun phrase:
• Цене су нагло порасле, тако да то за последицу има пад животног стандарда. ('...so that this has a fall in living standards as a consequence.')

Notice the syntactic contrast between this consecutive conjunction structure and relative clauses introduced by the anaphoric relative pronoun што (e.g., Цене су нагло порасле, што за последицу има пад животног стандарда). In the latter, што itself acts as the subject of the relative clause referring to the entire prior proposition, whereas тако да is a consecutive conjunction introducing an independent subordinate consecutive clause governed by its own subject.