-इन्छ

The Passive

Level 4Sounds Like incha

The stem plus -इन्छ gives a passive. It says what happens, not who does it.

How It Works

Nepali speakers use the passive when the doer does not matter or is everybody: a language that is spoken, a food that is made, a festival that is kept.

VerbPresentPast
बोल्नु (speak)बोलिन्छबोलियो
बनाउनु (make)बनाइन्छबनाइयो
बेच्नु (sell)बेचिन्छबेचियो

The thing that receives the action comes first, like the subject: यहाँ नेपाली बोलिन्छ (Nepali is spoken here). The verb ends in -न्छ or -यो whatever the person.

The negative present is -इँदैन: यहाँ अंग्रेजी बोलिँदैन। You can also add सकिन्छ or पाइन्छ for what can be done or found. The form is common in notices, recipes, news and explanations.

Examples (5)

  1. यहाँ नेपाली बोलिन्छ।

    Nepali is spoken here.

    बोलिन्छ is the passive of बोल्नु, with no doer named.

  2. नेपालमा तिहार धूमधामसँग मनाइन्छ।

    Tihar is celebrated with great joy in Nepal.

    मनाइन्छ is the passive of मनाउनु.

  3. चिया कसरी बनाइन्छ?

    How is tea made?

    The passive suits a how-to question.

  4. यो पसलमा ताजा तरकारी बेचिन्छ।

    Fresh vegetables are sold in this shop.

    बेचिन्छ stands for a general fact.

  5. गएको वर्ष यो पुल बनाइयो।

    This bridge was built last year.

    बनाइयो is the past passive.

Common Mistakes

  • Using the present passive for a past event.

    गएको वर्ष यो पुल बनाइन्छ।
    गएको वर्ष यो पुल बनाइयो।

    The present -इन्छ tells a general fact. A finished event needs -इयो.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

-इन्छLevel 4The Passive

Learn This First

The passive turns the doer around.

Learn Next

Patterns that build on this one.