इतना ... कि
So Much That
इतना ... कि means so ... that: something is so strong that it leads to a result.
How It Works
The first clause says how much, and the second, after कि, says what happened because of it.
- चाय इतनी गर्म थी कि मैं पी नहीं पाई. The tea was so hot that I couldn't drink it.
- वहाँ इतनी भीड़ थी कि हम अंदर नहीं जा सके. It was so crowded that we couldn't get in.
इतना can come before an adjective (इतना महँगा), a noun (इतने लोग, so many people) or an adverb (इतनी जल्दी). It agrees like बड़ा: इतना, इतनी, इतने. When it goes with a verb, use इतना: बच्चा इतना रोया कि सब जाग गए.
The result after कि is a normal sentence with its own subject and tense. Any time works: present, past or future.
For such a ... that, use ऐसा ... कि: ऐसी बारिश हुई कि सड़कें डूब गईं (It rained so hard that the roads flooded). Don't confuse this कि with ताकि (so that), which gives a purpose, not a result.
Examples (5)
- चाय इतनी गर्म थी कि मैं पी नहीं पाई।
The tea was so hot that I couldn't drink it.
इतनी agrees with feminine चाय; कि opens the result.
- वहाँ इतनी भीड़ थी कि हम अंदर नहीं जा सके।
It was so crowded that we couldn't get in.
इतनी goes with the noun भीड़.
- वह इतना अच्छा गाता है कि सब चुप हो जाते हैं।
He sings so well that everyone goes quiet.
The result can be in the present.
- बच्चा इतना रोया कि सब जाग गए।
The baby cried so much that everyone woke up.
With a verb, इतना means so much.
- यह किताब इतनी मज़ेदार है कि मैंने एक ही दिन में पूरी पढ़ ली।
This book is so much fun that I read the whole thing in one day.
इतनी agrees with feminine किताब.
Common Mistakes
Using ताकि for a result.
वह इतना थका हुआ था ताकि तुरंत सो गया।वह इतना थका हुआ था कि तुरंत सो गया।ताकि gives a purpose. For a result after इतना, use कि.
How It Connects
Learn This First
So much that combines a degree word with a कि clause.
Related Patterns
Words in This Pattern
Practice इतना ... कि in Bubblegum
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