-거든

Uma, Ngesikhathi (Okungakahleleki)

Izinga 3Kuzwakala kanje geodeun

-거든 isixhumi sengxoxo esisetshenziswa ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: njengesimo ('uma' noma 'ngesikhathi') noma ukunikeza isizathu noma ulwazi lwangemuva ('ngoba' noma 'uyabona...').

Isebenza kanjani

-거든 isiphetho esiguquguqukayo esisetshenziswa kakhulu ngesi-Korean esikhulunywayo. Incazelo yaso incike kakhulu endaweni yaso kanye nohlobo lomusho olandelayo.

1. Ukusetshenziswa Kwesimo (Uma/Ngesikhathi)
Lokhu kusetshenziswa kuxhuma imisho emibili, lapho umusho wokuqala onokuthi -거든 ubeka isimo sesibili. Kuyisimo esiqinile nesinokuqiniseka kakhulu kune--(으)면.

  • Isakhiwo: [Impande Yezenzo/Iziphawulo] + -거든, [Umyalo / Isiphakamiso / Isithembiso]
  • Iphuzu Elibalulekile: Umusho wesibili cishe awusoze waba isitatimende esilula mayelana neqiniso noma umkhuba. Kumele kube umyalo, isiphakamiso, isiphakamiso, noma isitatimende senhloso yomkhulumeli.
  • Isibonelo: 도착하거든 전화해. (Uma ufika, ngishayele ucingo.) - Lona umyalo.
  • Isibonelo: 바쁘지 않거든 좀 도와줘. (Uma ungamatasatasa, ngicela ungisize kancane.) - Lesi isicelo.

2. Ukusetshenziswa Kwesizathu/Ulwazi Lwangemuva (Ngoba/Uyabona...)
Lokhu kusetshenziswa kuvela ekupheleni komusho ukuze kunikeze umongo noma isizathu salokho okusanda kushiwo noma okwenzekayo. Kuvame ukusetshenziswa ukuphendula umbuzo othi 'kungani', kungaba oshiwo noma oqondakalayo.

  • Isakhiwo: [Umusho ochaza isimo]. [Umusho ophela ngo -거든].
  • Iphuzu Elibalulekile: Kwengeza umqondo wokuthi okhulumayo wazisa olalelayo ngolwazi oluthile. Kuyingxoxo kakhulu.
  • Isibonelo: A: 왜 이렇게 기분이 좋아 보여요? (Kungani ubukeka ujabule kangaka?)
    B: 오늘 월급날이거든. (Kungenxa yokuthi namhlanje usuku lokuhola, uyabona.)

Isikhathi Nesimo:
- Sinamathisela ngqo empandeni kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unonkamisa noma ungwaqa wokugcina: 먹다 → 먹거든, 가다 → 가거든, 좋다 → 좋거든.
- Singasetshenziswa nesikhathi esedlule -았/었-: 숙제를 다 했거든 놀러 가. (Uma usuqedile umsebenzi wakho wesikole, hamba uyodlala.)
- Sinamathisela ku-이다 njengo-이거든/아니거든.

Izibonelo (5)

  1. 한국에 도착하거든 바로 전화해 주세요.

    When you arrive in Korea, please call me right away.

    Igama ngegama: To Korea arrive-if right away call please give.

    Lokhu kukhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwesimo se -거든. Isimo 'ukufika e-Korea', futhi silandelwa umyalo/isicelo 'ngicela ungishayele'.

  2. A: 왜 이렇게 서둘러요? B: 곧 기차가 출발하거든.

    A: Why are you in such a hurry? B: Because the train is about to depart.

    Igama ngegama: A: Why like this hurry? B: Soon train departs-because.

    Lokhu kukhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwesizathu/ulwazi lwangemuva. U-B uchaza isizathu sokushesha. Isiphetho se -거든 sisho ukuthi "Isizathu ukuthi..." noma "Uyabona, isitimela siyemuka."

  3. 그 책을 다 읽었거든 저 좀 빌려주세요.

    If/When you've finished reading that book, please lend it to me.

    Igama ngegama: That book all read-if I a little please lend.

    Lesi sibonelo sisebenzisa isikhathi esedlule -었- ne -거든 ukubeka isimo esisekelwe esenzweni esiqediwe.

  4. 시간이 괜찮거든 우리 저녁이나 같이 먹자.

    If you have time, let's have dinner or something together.

    Igama ngegama: Time is okay-if we dinner or something together let's eat.

    Lapha, -거든 inamathiselwe esiphawulweni (괜찮다) futhi ilandelwa isiphakamiso (-자).

  5. A: 이 옷 정말 예쁘네요! B: 어제 세일해서 샀거든.

    A: These clothes are really pretty! B: (That's because) I bought them on sale yesterday.

    Igama ngegama: A: This clothes really pretty! B: Yesterday sale-so bought-because.

    U-B unikeza ulwazi lwangemuva lokuthi kungani enalezi zingubo ezintsha nezinhle. Kuyindlela yengxoxo yokuchaza isimo.

Amaphutha avamile

  • Ukusebenzisa -거든 kumaqiniso ajwayelekile esikhundleni se -(으)면.

    물이 100도가 되거든 끓어요.
    물이 100도가 되면 끓어요.

    -거든 isetshenziselwa izimo ezithile, ngokuvamile ezilandelwa umyalo noma isiphakamiso. Emaqinisweni ajwayelekile, esayensi njengokuthi 'amanzi ayabilisa ku-100 degrees', kumele usebenzise isimo esijwayelekile -(으)면.

  • Ukulandela isimo se -거든 ngesitatimende esilula esichazayo esikhundleni somyalo noma isiphakamiso.

    퇴근하거든 차가 많이 막혔어요.
    퇴근하니까 차가 많이 막혔어요.

    Isimo se -거든 sibeka okulindelwe ngomyalo, isiphakamiso, noma intando (isb., '퇴근하거든 전화해' - 'Uma uphuma emsebenzini, ngishayele'). Akukwazi ukulandela ukubuka kwesikhathi esedlule okulula. Ukuze usho isizathu noma ukulandelana, -(으)니까 noma -고 kungaba kufanele kakhudlwana.

Ihlangana kanjani

Funda lokhu kuqala

Izakhiwo ezihlobene

Amagama kulesi sakhiwo

-거든
Zijwayeze -거든 ku-BubblegumUPoppy, uthisha wakho we-AI, ubhala izifundo zolimi isiKorea ezilingana nezinga lakho. Thinta noma yiliphi iphuzu legrama esifundweni ukuze ubone incazelo yalo ephelele.