-만큼

Kama, kwa kiasi

Kiwango 3Inasikika kama mankeum

-만큼 ni kiambishi kinachomaanisha 'kama' au 'kufikia kiwango cha'. Kinatumika kuonyesha kuwa vitu viwili ni sawa kwa kiasi, kiwango, au thamani.

Jinsi unavyofanya kazi

-만큼 ni kiambishi chenye matumizi mengi kinachotumika kwa ulinganisho wa usawa na kiwango. Matumizi yake yanaweza kugawanywa katika makundi makuu mawili:

1. Nomino + 만큼
Hii ndiyo namna ya msingi zaidi. Inaambatana moja kwa moja na nomino kuonyesha kuwa kitu ni sawa na nomino hiyo kwa ukubwa, kiasi, au kiwango.

학생만큼 (kama mwanafunzi)
하늘만큼 (kama anga)

2. Kishazi cha Kitenzi/Kivumishi + 만큼
Inapotumika na vitenzi au vivumishi, inaonyesha kiwango cha tendo au hali. Inafuata kanuni za kawaida za kurekebisha nomino.

Vivumishi: Shina la kivumishi + -(으)ㄴ 만큼
- 예쁘다 → 예쁜 만큼 (kufikia kiwango cha uzuri wake)
Vitenzi (Sasa): Shina la kitenzi + -는 만큼
- 노력하다 → 노력하는 만큼 (kufikia kiwango cha juhudi unazoweka)
Vitenzi (Wakati uliopita): Shina la kitenzi + -(으)ㄴ/던 만큼
- 먹다 → 먹은 만큼 (kama kiasi ulichokula)
- 기대하다 → 기대했던 만큼 (kama kiasi ulichotarajia)
- 던 inatumika kukumbuka au kutazama nyuma tendo au hali ya wakati uliopita.
Vitenzi (Wakati ujao/Dhana): Shina la kitenzi + -(으)ㄹ 만큼
- 놀다 → 놀 만큼 (kutosha kucheza)

Muundo huu mara nyingi huashiria uhusiano wa sababu na matokeo: 'Kwa sababu ulifanya kiasi cha X, matokeo ya Y yalitokea'.

Mifano (5)

저도 형만큼 키가 크고 싶어요.
I want to be as tall as my older brother, too.
Neno kwa neno: I also older brother as much as height is tall want to be.
Hapa, 만큼 imeambatishwa kwenye nomino 형 (kaka) ili kufanya ulinganisho wa moja kwa moja wa kimo.
노력하는 만큼 좋은 결과가 있을 거예요.
There will be good results to the extent that you put in effort.
Neno kwa neno: Effort doing as much as good results will exist.
Hii inaonyesha uhusiano kati ya juhudi na matokeo. Kiasi cha matokeo mazuri kinalingana na kiasi cha juhudi zilizowekwa.
먹은 만큼 돈을 내야 해요.
You have to pay for as much as you ate.
Neno kwa neno: Ate as much as money have to pay.
Kirekebishi cha wakati uliopita -은 kinatumika na 먹다 (kula) kuonyesha kiasi ambacho tayari kimeshaliwa.
필요한 만큼만 가져가세요.
Please take only as much as you need.
Neno kwa neno: Necessary as much as only please take.
필요하다 ni kitenzi cha maelezo (kivumishi). Kirekebishi -ㄴ kinatumika kuunda '필요한 만큼' (kiasi kinachohitajika).
이 영화는 기대했던 만큼 재미있지는 않았어요.
This movie wasn't as fun as I had expected.
Neno kwa neno: This movie expected as much as fun was not.
Mfano huu unatumia kirekebishi cha wakati uliopita cha kukumbuka -던 kulinganisha furaha halisi ya filamu na kiwango cha matarajio ya awali.

Makosa ya kawaida

Kuchanganya -만큼 na -처럼 (kama).
Maana tofauti그는 모델만큼 걸어요.
그는 모델처럼 걸어요.
-만큼 inarejelea kiasi au kiwango ('kama'), wakati -처럼 inarejelea kufanana kwa mwonekano au namna ('kama'). Sentensi isiyo sahihi inaashiria 'Anatembea kiasi sawa na mwanamitindo', wakati sentensi sahihi inamaanisha 'Anatembea kwa mtindo sawa na mwanamitindo'.
Kutumia mwisho wa kitenzi usio sahihi kabla ya -만큼.
어제 공부하다 만큼 시험을 잘 봤어요.
어제 공부한 만큼 시험을 잘 봤어요.
Kitenzi kinapotangulia -만큼, lazima kiwe katika umbo la kurekebisha nomino. Kwa tendo la wakati uliopita, tumia umbo la -(으)ㄴ, si umbo la kamusi.