이다
To Be
이다 is the Korean 'to be' verb. It attaches to nouns to say 'Subject is Noun'. For example, '저는 학생이다' means 'I am a student'.
ਇਹ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ
이다 is the Korean equivalent of 'to be' (am, is, are). It is always attached directly to the end of a noun, without a space. Its form changes depending on the politeness level and the final sound of the noun it follows.
Standard Polite Form (-요)
This is the most common form in daily conversation.
- After a noun ending in a consonant, use 이에요.
학생 (student) + 이에요 → 학생이에요. (I am a student.)
책 (book) + 이에요 → 책이에요. (It is a book.) - After a noun ending in a vowel, use 예요.
의사 (doctor) + 예요 → 의사예요. (He is a doctor.)
사과 (apple) + 예요 → 사과예요. (It is an apple.)
Formal Polite Form (-ㅂ/습니다)
This form is used in more formal settings, like presentations or news reports. It always becomes 입니다, regardless of the preceding noun.
- 학생 + 입니다 → 학생입니다.
- 의사 + 입니다 → 의사입니다.
Question Forms
To ask a question, you simply raise the intonation at the end of the sentence.
- Polite: 학생이에요? / 의사예요?
- Formal: 학생입니까? / 의사입니까?
ਉਦਾਹਰਣਾਂ (4)
- 저는 학생이에요.
I am a student.
ਸ਼ਬਦ ਦਰ ਸ਼ਬਦ: I topic-marker student am.
The noun '학생' ends in a consonant (ㄴ), so '이에요' is used.
- 이것은 사과예요.
This is an apple.
ਸ਼ਬਦ ਦਰ ਸ਼ਬਦ: This topic-marker apple is.
The noun '사과' ends in a vowel (ㅘ), so '예요' is used.
- 그 사람은 의사입니까?
Is that person a doctor?
ਸ਼ਬਦ ਦਰ ਸ਼ਬਦ: That person topic-marker doctor is (formal question)?
This is the formal question form, '입니까?', used in formal or very polite situations.
- 제 이름은 김민준입니다.
My name is Kim Minjun.
ਸ਼ਬਦ ਦਰ ਸ਼ਬਦ: My name topic-marker Kim Minjun is (formal).
This is the formal statement form, '입니다', often used for introductions.
ਆਮ ਗਲਤੀਆਂ
Confusing '이에요' and '예요'.
이것은 책예요.이것은 책이에요.The noun '책' ends in a consonant (ㄱ), so you must use '이에요'. '예요' is only used after nouns that end in a vowel (e.g., '사과예요').
Attaching '이다' to adjectives or verbs.
날씨가 예쁘다예요.날씨가 예뻐요.'이다' can only be attached to nouns. Adjectives like '예쁘다' (to be pretty) and verbs already contain the meaning of 'to be' and conjugate on their own.
Leaving a space before '이다'.
저는 학생 이에요.저는 학생이에요.'이다' is a particle-like copula and must be attached directly to the noun without any space.
ਇਹ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਜੁੜਦਾ ਹੈ
ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਇਹ ਸਿੱਖੋ
ਸੰਬੰਧਿਤ ਪੈਟਰਨ
- 은/는Topic Marker
'이다' sentences identify a topic. The topic marker 은/는 is most commonly used to mark the noun that the '이다' phrase is describing.
ਪੱਧਰ 1 - 이/가Subject Marker
The subject marker 이/가 can also be used with '이다', often to identify something for the first time or to add emphasis. For example, '누가 학생이에요?' (Who is the student?).
ਪੱਧਰ 1 - -요Politeness Marker
'이다' conjugates to '이에요/예요' in the standard polite speech style. This style is characterized by the -요 ending. Understanding this ending is crucial for using '이다' in everyday conversations.
ਮੁੱਢਲੀਆਂ ਗੱਲਾਂ - -ㅂ/습니다Formal Polite Ending
In formal situations, '이다' conjugates to '입니다'. This uses the formal polite ending, which is important for showing a high level of respect.
ਪੱਧਰ 1 - 안/못부정문
To say something 'is not' a noun, you do not use the standard negation patterns like '안'. Instead, '이다' has its own special negative form: '아니다' (e.g., 학생이 아니에요 - I am not a student).
ਪੱਧਰ 1
ਅੱਗੇ ਸਿੱਖੋ
ਉਹ ਪੈਟਰਨ ਜੋ ਇਸ ਉੱਤੇ ਬਣਦੇ ਹਨ।
- -가Busan: checking a noun predicateਪੱਧਰ 1
- -(으)ㄹ 계획이다계획하다, 의도하다ਪੱਧਰ 3
- -(으)ㄹ 뿐이다Onlyਪੱਧਰ 3
- -(으)ㄹ 예정이다Be Scheduled To, Plan Toਪੱਧਰ 3
- -는 길이다ਕਰਨ ਦਾ ਤਰੀਕਾ, ਕਿਵੇਂ ਕਰਨਾ ਹੈਪੱਧਰ 3
- -는 법이다The Way To, How Toਪੱਧਰ 3
- -는 편이다Tend To, Ratherਪੱਧਰ 3
- -(이)라고ਕਿਹਾ (이다 ਦੇ ਨਾਲ)ਪੱਧਰ 3
ਪੂਰੀ ਸੂਚੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੋਰ 8 ਹਨ।