вийти / виходити
Exiting with Вийти and Виходити
The verb pair виходити / вийти is used to describe leaving or exiting a space on foot. It is a prefixed motion verb where ви- indicates movement from inside to outside.
How It Works
To express exiting on foot, Ukrainian uses the prefixed aspect pair виходити (imperfective) and вийти (perfective).
1. Aspectual Usage:
- Виходити: Used for process, repetition, or habits. For example, 'Я виходжу з дому о восьмій' (I leave the house at eight).
- Вийти: Used for a single completed action. For example, 'Вона щойно вийшла з кімнати' (She just left the room).
2. Grammar and Cases:
- Source: Use the preposition з/із plus the Genitive case to indicate where you are leaving from (e.g., з кімнати, з офісу).
- Destination: Use в/у or на plus the Accusative case for places (e.g., на вулицю). If the destination is a person, use the preposition до plus the Genitive case (e.g., вийти до гостей).
3. Conjugation and Stress:
- In the imperfective виходити, the first-person singular undergoes a consonant mutation: я виходжу (д → дж).
- In the perfective вийти, the prefix ви- is always stressed (вийшов, вийду). The past tense is irregular: вийшов, вийшла, вийшли.
- Note: Be careful with stress. The verb виходити (stressed on the second syllable 'хо') means 'to exit', but виходити (stressed on the first syllable 'ви') is a different verb meaning 'to nurse back to health'.
4. Figurative Meanings and Idioms:
- To work out / succeed: Used to describe if something is going well (e.g., 'У мене все виходить' - 'Everything is working out for me').
- Common Idioms: Вийти з ладу means 'to break down' or 'to go out of order'. Вийти з себе means 'to lose one's temper'.
- Other uses: This pair is also used for 'getting off' public transport or 'marrying' (for women, using виходити заміж за + Accusative).
Examples (6)
- Я зазвичай виходжу з офісу о шостій.
I usually leave the office at six.
Word by Word: I usually exit from office at six.
Uses the imperfective 'виходжу' for a habitual action.
- Вона вийшла з кімнати.
She left the room.
Word by Word: She exited from room.
Uses the perfective 'вийшла' for a single completed action in the past.
- Ви виходите на наступній зупинці?
Are you getting off at the next stop?
Word by Word: You exit on next stop?
Standard way to ask if someone is exiting public transport.
- Ми вийдемо на вулицю через п'ять хвилин.
We will go out to the street in five minutes.
Word by Word: We will-exit onto street through five minutes.
Uses the perfective future 'вийдемо' for a specific future event.
- У мене не виходить це зробити.
I am not succeeding in doing this.
Word by Word: At me not exits this to-do.
A common figurative use meaning 'to work out' or 'to succeed'.
- Книжка вийшла минулого року.
The book came out last year.
Word by Word: Book exited last year.
A figurative use meaning 'to be published'.
Common Mistakes
Omitting the preposition 'з' (Genitive) when leaving a place.
Я вийшов кімнату.Я вийшов з кімнати.In Ukrainian, you cannot 'exit a room' directly; you must 'exit FROM a room' using the preposition 'з'.
Using 'вийти' for leaving by vehicle.
Машина вийшла з гаража.Машина виїхала з гаража.For a car driving out of a garage, use the root -їхати. 'Вийти' is mostly for people on foot (though ships can 'вийти в море').
Misplacing the stress in perfective forms.
Він вийшо́в.Він ви́йшов.In perfective verbs with the prefix 'ви-', the stress usually shifts to the prefix.
How It Connects
Learn This First
To learn 'вийти' and 'виходити', you need to understand the distinction between perfective and imperfective aspects in Ukrainian. Additionally, since these verbs express movement out of a place, you must know how to use the preposition 'з' with the genitive case to specify the location being left.
- з/із/зі + Genitive (Source)Genitive After Source З/із/зі
The verbs вийти and виходити are typically used with the preposition 'з' and the genitive case to indicate the source or place being exited.
Level 2 - Perfective Aspect
Understanding the perfective aspect is necessary to use 'вийти' correctly for completed actions.
Level 2 - Imperfective Aspect
Understanding the imperfective aspect is necessary to use 'виходити' for ongoing or habitual actions.
Level 2
Related Patterns
- іти / ходитиDeterminate and Indeterminate Motion on Foot
The base verbs of motion on foot that 'вийти/виходити' are derived from.
Level 3 - зайти / заходитиEntering or Dropping by
The antonym pair meaning 'to enter' or 'to drop by'.
Level 3 - First-Person Singular Verb Consonant Alternations
Explains the d to dzh change in 'виходжу'.
Level 3 - Prefixed Perfective Aspect Pairs
The general system of creating perfective verbs using prefixes like 'ви-'.
Level 3 - Imperfective Aspect for Process and Repetition
Explains the usage of 'виходити' for repeated actions.
Level 3 - Perfective Aspect for Completed Results
Explains the usage of 'вийти' for completed results.
Level 3
Words in This Pattern
Practice вийти / виходити in Bubblegum
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