ทั้งสิ้น

In Total

Level 5

ทั้งสิ้น (tháng-sîn) is a formal way to say 'in total' or 'whatsoever.' It marks a complete total or set, or emphasizes that nothing of the stated kind exists.

How It Works

ทั้งสิ้น is a Level 5 pattern because it belongs to the register of Official Thai (ภาษาราชการ). It is common in news reports, legal documents, and academic writing. It can occur in speech too, especially when the tone is formal.

1. Formal Totality in Counting
When used with numbers, it emphasizes the total count. In prose, it typically precedes the number or follows the noun directly. The standard structures are:
รวมทั้งสิ้น + [Number] + [Classifier]
[Noun] + ทั้งสิ้น + [Number] + [Classifier]
Example: 'มีผู้เสียชีวิตทั้งสิ้น 5 ราย' (There were 5 deaths in total).

2. Absolute Negation
When paired with negative words like ไม่มี (there is not) and formal indefinite pronouns like ใดๆ (any), it creates a strong 'none whatsoever' meaning. This is common in legal denials or official statements.

3. All Members Share A Property
After a predicate, ทั้งสิ้น can show that the whole set has the stated property. In 'ผิดทั้งสิ้น', the subject or context tells us which things are all wrong. It is not a general substitute for completely with every verb or adjective. The expression ทั้งสิ้นทั้งปวง means all and everything or in its entirety.

4. Register Nuance
While ทั้งหมด is neutral and ล้วน is used for 'purely/entirely,' ทั้งสิ้น marks a total or the whole set and is common in formal writing. In a casual remark it can sound bookish, though the sentence may still be grammatical.

Examples (4)

  1. รวมเป็นเงินทั้งสิ้นหนึ่งพันบาท

    The total amount is one thousand baht.

    Word by Word: Total / be / money / in total / one / thousand / Baht

    This is a standard phrase found on receipts or official invoices to indicate the final sum.

  2. เขาไม่มีความผิดใดๆ ทั้งสิ้น

    He has no guilt whatsoever.

    Word by Word: He / not / have / guilt / any / whatsoever

    Here, 'ทั้งสิ้น' intensifies the negation 'ไม่มี...ใดๆ' to mean 'absolutely none.'

  3. ผู้สมัครทั้งสิ้นสิบคนผ่านการคัดเลือก

    A total of ten candidates passed the selection.

    Word by Word: Candidate / in total / ten / person / pass / selection

    The report gives a total of ten candidates who passed the selection.

  4. ค่าใช้จ่ายทั้งสิ้นจะถูกหักจากบัญชี

    All expenses will be deducted from the account.

    Word by Word: Expense / all / will / [passive] / deduct / from / account

    In a banking context, 'ทั้งสิ้น' refers to the entire sum of expenses.

Common Mistakes

  • Give An Exact Total Of Five Students.

    มีนักเรียนประมาณห้าคน
    มีนักเรียนทั้งสิ้นห้าคน

    ประมาณ gives a rough estimate: about five students. When you know the exact total is five, ทั้งสิ้น presents that total. Choose มีนักเรียนทั้งสิ้นห้าคน for this task. Both sentences are grammatical; the first gives an estimate rather than the requested exact total.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

ทั้งสิ้นLevel 5In Total

Learn This First

ทั้งสิ้น is a formal marker used to emphasize a total amount or count. To use it correctly, you should be comfortable with the Thai noun-number-classifier counting system and formal number scales. It functions similarly to 'in total' or 'all told' in English and appears at the end of a numerical phrase.

Words in This Pattern

ทั้งสิ้นทั้งสิ้น