ทุก
Every
ทุก (thúk) means 'every' or 'each'. Learn direct time expressions and noun–classifier phrases.
How It Works
The word ทุก means 'every' or 'each'. These patterns help you describe a whole set or a repeated event:
1. Time Words: Time units (like วัน, ปี, เช้า) can appear directly after the quantifier. Compare the separate category words taught in the classifiers lesson. In these expressions, ทุก precedes the word directly.
Pattern: ทุก + [Time Word]
Example: ทุกปี (every year), ทุกเช้า (every morning).
2. Countable Nouns: One useful pattern names the noun first. ทุก then precedes the classifier.
Pattern: [Noun] + ทุก + [Classifier]
Example: รถทุกคัน (every car), บ้านทุกหลัง (every house).
3. Frequency with Numbers: To name an interval of several time units, ทุก precedes the number and the time-unit word.
Pattern: ทุก + [Number] + [Classifier]
Example: ทุก 2 วัน (every 2 days), ทุก 3 ชั่วโมง (every 3 hours).
4. Direct Phrases: ทุก also comes directly before a noun or other word in established expressions. Direct placement is not limited to formal set phrases.
Example: ทุกกรณี (every case), ทุกประการ (in every way).
You may also see ทุก ๆ (repeated with the repetition mark). This written form occurs in expressions such as ทุก ๆ วัน (every day). It is not a separate casual-only rule.
Examples (5)
- ผมไปวิ่งทุกเช้า
I go running every morning.
Word by Word: I go run every morning
Here, เช้า (morning) follows ทุก directly; no separate classifier is needed for this time expression.
- เขารู้จักนักเรียนทุกคน
He knows every student.
Word by Word: He know student every [person-classifier]
This example uses noun + ทุก + classifier: the student noun comes before the person classifier.
- กินยาหนึ่งเม็ดทุก 4 ชั่วโมง
Take one pill every 4 hours.
Word by Word: eat medicine one [pill-classifier] every 4 hour
The phrase ทุก + [Number] + [Time Unit] names the interval here: one pill every four hours.
- ทุกคนชอบกินส้ม
Everyone likes to eat oranges.
Word by Word: Every [person-classifier] like eat orange
ทุก + Classifier can stand alone when the relevant noun is understood. Here, it refers to everyone.
- ฉันล้างมือทุกครั้งก่อนกินข้าว
I wash my hands every time before eating.
Word by Word: I wash hand every time before eat rice
The word 'ครั้ง' (time/occurrence) is a classifier for times.
Common Mistakes
Omitting the tone mark in บ้าน.
บานทุกหลังสวยมากบ้านทุกหลังสวยมากThe exercise asks for บ้าน, meaning house. The spelling บานทุกหลังสวยมาก omits ้ from บ้าน. Add the tone mark to write บ้านทุกหลังสวยมาก, meaning every house is very beautiful.
Leaving the person classifier out of the noun–classifier pattern.
นักเรียนทุกชอบครูนักเรียนทุกคนชอบครูIn this sentence, 'นักเรียนทุก' leaves the intended noun–classifier phrase unfinished. Add 'คน' for 'every student'.
How It Connects
Related Patterns
- Classifier Basics
Learn the classifier pattern used with ทุก in phrases that name a noun and each member of its set.
Foundations - ทั้งหมดAll of It
While ทุก means 'every', ทั้งหมด means 'all' or 'the whole', focusing on the group as a single unit.
Level 2 - ๆThe Repetition Mark
The repetition mark can be used with ทุก (ทุก ๆ); the repeated form is also found in writing.
Foundations - บางSome
บาง means 'some' and follows a similar Noun + บาง + Classifier structure.
Level 2 - หลายSeveral
หลาย means 'several' and is another quantifier that interacts with classifiers.
Level 2 - ทุกครั้งที่Every Time That
A specific phrase meaning 'every time that', which uses ทุก as a base.
Level 4
Learn Next
Patterns that build on this one.
Words in This Pattern
Practice ทุก in Bubblegum
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