-ულ იქნა (Official Passive)
The Official Passive
Official texts build a passive from a past participle without its -ი plus იქნა: მიღებულ იქნა (was adopted).
How It Works
Laws, decisions, reports and official letters often use a passive built from two words:
| Time | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| past | participle + იქნა | კანონი მიღებულ იქნა. (The law was adopted.) |
| future | participle + იქნება | განცხადება განხილულ იქნება. (The application will be reviewed.) |
| past, several people | participle + იქნენ | გამარჯვებულები დაჯილდოებულ იქნენ. (The winners were given awards.) |
The participle (Level 5) drops its final -ი: მიღებული becomes მიღებულ, განხილული becomes განხილულ. It stays the same for every subject. იქნა (iq'na), the past of იქნება, carries the tense and the number.
A doer, if there is one, takes -ის მიერ: კომისიის მიერ განხილულ იქნა (it was reviewed by the commission).
This style is heavy, and many editors prefer a simpler sentence. Most of these sentences can use an ordinary verb, such as ხელშეკრულებას ხელი მოაწერეს (they signed the agreement), or a one-word passive, such as შეხვედრა გაიმართა (the meeting was held). Learn to read this form, and write the simpler one.
Examples (5)
- ახალი წესები მიღებულ იქნა 2025 წელს.
The new rules were adopted in 2025.
მიღებული drops its -ი before იქნა.
- განცხადება განხილულ იქნება ათი დღის განმავლობაში.
The application will be reviewed within ten days.
იქნება makes it future.
- კონკურსის გამარჯვებულები დაჯილდოებულ იქნენ.
The winners of the competition were given awards.
For several people, იქნენ.
- ხელშეკრულება ხელმოწერილ იქნა გუშინ.
The agreement was signed yesterday.
A typical line in an official report.
- ხელშეკრულებას გუშინ მოაწერეს ხელი.
They signed the agreement yesterday.
The simpler way to say the same thing.
How It Connects
Learn This First
The official passive uses -ულ იქნა.
Related Patterns
Words in This Pattern
Practice -ულ იქნა (Official Passive) in Bubblegum
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