The Past Without ने
In the past, say नेहा चिट्ठी लिखली, with no ने.
How It Works
In Hindi, the completed past of most verbs with an object (लिखी, खाया) needs ने after the subject, and the verb agrees with the object unless it takes को. Bhojpuri has no ने.
| Hindi | Bhojpuri |
|---|---|
| नेहा ने चिट्ठी लिखी। | नेहा चिट्ठी लिखली। |
| राहुल ने खाना खाया। | राहुल खाना खइलस। |
| मैंने रोटी खाई। | हम रोटी खइनी। |
So the verb in Bhojpuri depends on who acted: -ली for a woman, -लस for a man or a thing, -नी for हम, -लऽ or -लू for तू, -लें for respected men and groups.
The pronouns do not change either. Where Hindi has मैंने or तुमने, Bhojpuri uses plain हम and तू.
Examples (5)
- नेहा चिट्ठी लिखली।
Neha wrote a letter.
No ने, and लिखली follows नेहा.
- राहुल खाना खइलस।
Rahul ate food.
खइलस follows राहुल.
- हम दू गो रोटी खइनी।
I ate two rotis.
हम, not Hindi मैंने.
- लइकी किताब पढ़ली।
The girl read a book.
पढ़ली follows लइकी.
- माई साड़ी लिहली।
Mother took a sari.
लिहली follows माई.
Common Mistakes
Adding ने to the subject.
नेहा ने चिट्ठी लिखली।नेहा चिट्ठी लिखली।Bhojpuri has no ने.
Making the verb follow the object.
नेहा किताब पढ़ल।नेहा किताब पढ़ली।The verb follows नेहा, not किताब.
How It Connects
Learn This First
To see that the subject stays plain, you need the past with an object and the Hindi comparison.
- -लसHe Did: -लस
ऊ खाना खइलस has an object and a plain subject, which is exactly where Hindi would add ने.
Level 2 - कइलें / कइलीRespectful Past: -लें and -ली
नेहा चिट्ठी लिखली ends in -ली because नेहा is a woman, so the verb follows the subject and ignores चिट्ठी.
Level 2 - How Bhojpuri Differs From Hindi
Hindi speakers expect ने in the past, and this row replaces that habit.
Foundations
Related Patterns
Practice The Past Without ने in Bubblegum
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