Causative Plus Passive

Level 5

Endings stack in a fixed order: stem + causative + passive + tense. So oʻqi- (read) → oʻqit- (teach) → oʻqitil- (be taught) → oʻqitildi (was taught).

How It Works

1. The order of the endings
First the causative, then the passive, then the negative, tense and person:

  • oʻqi- + -t + -il + -di → oʻqitildi (was taught)
  • oʻt- + -kaz + -il + -di → oʻtkazildi (was held)
  • chiq- + -ar + -il + -di → chiqarildi (was issued, was released)
  • kel- + -tir + -il + -di → keltirildi (was brought)

2. Always -il
The passive has several shapes, but a causative stem always ends in t, r or z, so the one you need here is -il. This works for the endings in other causative endings too: yotqizildi (was put to bed, was admitted to hospital).

3. What it means
A causative verb often has its own meaning, and the passive keeps it: oʻqitmoq (to teach) → oʻqitilmoq (to be taught), ishlatmoq (to use) → ishlatilmoq (to be used). This is why oʻqitildi (was taught) and oʻqildi (was read) are different words.

4. Other forms
Any ending can follow: oʻtkaziladi (is held, will be held), oʻtkazilmadi (was not held), oʻtkazilgan (held, before a noun). In formal writing the doer can be named with tomonidan: vazirlik tomonidan oʻtkazildi (was held by the ministry).

5. Took place
When you only need to say that an event happened, boʻlib oʻtdi (took place) is an alternative to oʻtkazildi.

Examples (6)

  1. Maktabimizda ingliz tili yaxshi oʻqitiladi.

    English is taught well at our school.

    Word by Word: School-our-at English language well is-taught.

  2. Konferensiya Toshkentda oʻtkazildi.

    The conference was held in Tashkent.

    Word by Word: Conference Tashkent-in was-held.

  3. Yangi pochta markasi chiqarildi.

    A new postage stamp was issued.

    Word by Word: New post stamp-its was-issued.

  4. Barcha buyurtmalar oʻz vaqtida yetkazildi.

    All the orders were delivered on time.

    Word by Word: All orders own time-its-in were-delivered.

  5. Bu xona ombor sifatida ishlatiladi.

    This room is used as a storeroom.

    Word by Word: This room storeroom as is-used.

  6. Bemor kasalxonaga yotqizildi.

    The patient was admitted to hospital.

    Word by Word: Patient hospital-to was-made-to-lie.

Common Mistakes

  • Making the plain verb passive instead of the causative (meant: this subject was taught to us in English).

    Bu fan bizga ingliz tilida oʻqildi.
    Bu fan bizga ingliz tilida oʻqitildi.

    Oʻqildi is the passive of oʻqimoq and means was read. For was taught, make the causative oʻqit- passive: oʻqitildi.

  • Making an intransitive verb passive instead of its causative (meant: the meeting was held yesterday).

    Yigʻilish kecha oʻtildi.
    Yigʻilish kecha oʻtkazildi.

    Oʻtmoq means to pass, so its passive cannot mean was held. Hold is oʻtkazmoq, and its passive is oʻtkazildi.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

Causative Plus PassiveLevel 5

Learn This First

Builds on Other Causative Endings.