-da (oʻrin-payt kelishigi)

In, At or on: -da

Level 1

-da = in, at, on: uyda (at home), Toshkentda yashayman (I live in Tashkent), soat beshda (at five o'clock).

How It Works

The Uzbek name oʻrin-payt means "place-time", and those are its two main jobs.

Place

  • Toshkentda yashayman. (I live in Tashkent.)
  • Bankda ishlayman. (I work at a bank.)
  • With a person ending, it makes a whole sentence: Men uydaman. (I'm at home.) See -man.

One ending covers English "in", "at" and "on": stolda (on the table), uyda (at home), shaharda (in the city).

Time

  • Soat beshda kelaman. (I'll come at five o'clock.)
  • Yozda havo issiq. (It's hot in summer.)

Other common uses

  • How you travel: Avtobusda boraman. (I'll go by bus.)
  • Which language: Oʻzbek tilida gapiring. (Please speak in Uzbek.)
  • On a person, it says who has something: Menda qalam bor, see menda bor.

Spelling
Unlike -ga, -da never changes after k or q: bankda, qishloqda. And unlike Turkish, there is no -de or -ta. Pronouns: menda, sizda; u and bu add n: unda, bunda. For "here" and "there", say bu yerda, u yerda.

Do not confuse it with the emphatic particle -da, which is written with a hyphen: yaxshi-da.

Examples (6)

  1. Men uydaman.

    I'm at home.

    Word by Word: I home-at-am

  2. Toshkentda yashayman.

    I live in Tashkent.

    Word by Word: Tashkent-in live-I

  3. Soat beshda kelaman.

    I'll come at five o'clock.

    Word by Word: hour five-at come-I

  4. Bankda ishlayman.

    I work at a bank.

    Word by Word: bank-at work-I

    -da stays -da after k.

  5. Yozda havo issiq.

    It's hot in summer.

    Word by Word: summer-in weather hot

  6. Oʻzbek tilida gapiring.

    Please speak in Uzbek.

    Word by Word: Uzbek language-its-in speak(polite)

    til + -i + -da: the possessive comes before the case ending.

Common Mistakes

  • Changing -da to -ta after a hard consonant, as in Turkish.

    Men bankta ishlayman.
    Men bankda ishlayman.

    The Uzbek -da has one written shape: bankda, kitobda, qishloqda.

  • Using -ga, the direction ending, with a verb of being or living.

    Toshkentga yashayman.
    Toshkentda yashayman.

    yashamoq (to live) and ishlamoq (to work) happen in a place, so they take -da. -ga is for movement: Toshkentga boraman.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

-da (oʻrin-payt kelishigi)Level 1In, At or on: -da

Learn This First

Builds on To or Toward: -ga and Here and There.

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Patterns that build on this one.

Words in This Pattern

da