-ga/-ka/-qa
To or Toward: -ga
-ga = to: Maktabga boraman. (I go to school.) Bankka (to the bank), qishloqqa (to the village).
How It Works
The three shapes
- after most words: -ga: maktabga (to school), uyga (home), Buxoroga (to Bukhara)
- after k: -ka: bankka (to the bank)
- after q: -qa: qishloqqa (to the village)
This is the same rule as for other endings that start with g. After g and gʻ, the spelling stays -ga, even if it sounds like k or q: togʻga (to the mountain).
What -ga means
- Where to: Ertaga qishloqqa boramiz. (We're going to the village tomorrow.)
- Who to: Bu gulni onamga beraman. (I'll give this flower to my mother.)
- Many verbs choose it, for example qaramoq (look at): Menga qarang. (Look at me.) See which case a verb takes.
Pronouns
menga (to me), senga, bizga, sizga; u and bu add n: unga, bunga.
-ga, -da, -dan
Toshkentga (to Tashkent), Toshkentda (in Tashkent), and at level 2 Toshkentdan (from Tashkent). A direction ending never shows harmony: there is no -ge or Turkish-style -e.
Examples (6)
- Maktabga boraman.
I go to school.
Word by Word: school-to go-I
- Bankka boryapman.
I'm going to the bank.
Word by Word: bank-to going-I
After k, the ending is -ka.
- Ertaga qishloqqa boramiz.
We're going to the village tomorrow.
Word by Word: tomorrow village-to go-we
After q, the ending is -qa.
- Bu gulni onamga beraman.
I'll give this flower to my mother.
Word by Word: this flower-OBJECT mother-my-to give-I
- Menga qarang.
Look at me.
Word by Word: me-to look(polite)
qaramoq (to look) takes -ga.
- Togʻga chiqamiz.
We'll climb the mountain.
Word by Word: mountain-to go-up-we
After gʻ the spelling stays -ga.
Common Mistakes
Writing -ga after a word that ends in k or q.
Men bankga boraman.Men bankka boraman.After k the ending is written -ka, and after q it is -qa: bankka, qishloqqa.
Using -da, the "at" ending, for movement toward a place.
Maktabda boraman.Maktabga boraman.Verbs of going take -ga (to). -da says where something is or happens.
Writing -qa after gʻ because of how it sounds.
Togʻqa chiqamiz.Togʻga chiqamiz.The official spelling keeps -ga after g and gʻ, even though it can sound like -qa. Only a written k or q changes the ending.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Builds on The Basic Case Without an Ending.
Related Patterns
- -da (oʻrin-payt kelishigi)In, At or on: -da
-da says where something is; -ga says where it goes.
Level 1 - -dan (chiqish kelishigi)From: -dan
-dan (from) is the opposite direction of -ga.
Level 2 - G-Initial Endings After K and Q
The -ka / -qa change works the same way in -gan, -gach and other endings.
Level 3 - unga / bunga / shungaThe Extra N in Unga and Bunga
u, bu and shu add n before -ga: unga, bunga, shunga.
Level 2 - Which Case a Verb Takes
Verbs such as qaramoq and yordam bermoq take -ga.
Level 3 - kerakNeed
The person who needs something takes -ga: Menga yordam kerak.
Level 2
Learn Next
Patterns that build on this one.
- Xush kelibsizWelcomeLevel 1
- -ga yoqmoqIt Pleases MeLevel 2
- tomon / -ga qarabTowardLevel 3
- -ga koʻraAccording toLevel 4
- -ga qaramayDespiteLevel 4
- -ga qarshiAgainstLevel 4
- -ga bagʻishlanganDedicated toLevel 5
- -ga oid / -ga doirRelated toLevel 5
And 1 more in the full list.
Practice -ga/-ka/-qa in Bubblegum
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