-ir/-ar, -giz/-kaz
Other Causative Endings
Most causatives use -dir or -t, but a group of common short verbs uses other endings: chiq- (go out) → chiqar- (take out), yot- (lie) → yotqiz- (put to bed), oʻt- (pass) → oʻtkaz- (hold, pass on).
How It Works
The main causative endings are shown in -dir and -t. The verbs below use other endings. You cannot choose the ending yourself: each verb has its own.
1. -ir, -ar, -iz
These go on some short verbs that end in a consonant:
- tush- (go down) → tushir- (bring down, drop off)
- ich- (drink) → ichir- (make drink, give a drink)
- chiq- (go out) → chiqar- (take out, publish)
- qayt- (return) → qaytar- (give back, repeat)
- teg- (touch) → tegiz- (make touch)
2. -giz, -kiz, -qiz
After a voiced sound the ending starts with g or gʻ, and after a voiceless one with k or q. This reaches further than g-initial endings such as -ga, which change only after k and q: yotqiz- (put to bed), but otga (to the horse).
- yur- (move) → yurgiz- (start, drive)
- tur- (stand) → turgʻiz- (raise, stand up)
- yot- (lie) → yotqiz- (put to bed)
- yut- (win, swallow) → yutqiz- (lose a game)
3. -gaz, -kaz, -qaz
- oʻt- (pass) → oʻtkaz- (hold an event, pass on, transfer)
- yet- (reach) → yetkaz- (deliver)
- tut- (hold) → tutqaz- (hand over)
koʻr- (see) has its own causative, koʻrsat- (show).
4. Using them
They work like every other causative. A person made to do something takes -ni when the base verb has no object: ukamni yotqizdim (I put my little brother to bed). Which case a verb needs is part of which case a verb takes. The passive goes after them: chiqarildi (was issued).
Examples (6)
- Chamadonni pastga tushiring.
Please bring the suitcase down.
Word by Word: Suitcase-(object) down-to make-go-down-(polite).
- Kitobni kutubxonaga qaytardim.
I returned the book to the library.
Word by Word: Book-(object) library-to made-return-I.
- Men choʻntagimdan kalitni chiqardim.
I took the key out of my pocket.
Word by Word: I pocket-my-from key-(object) made-go-out-I.
- Onam ukamni yotqizdi.
My mother put my little brother to bed.
Word by Word: Mother-my brother-my-(object) made-lie-down.
- Ertaga maktabda yigʻilish oʻtkazamiz.
We will hold a meeting at school tomorrow.
Word by Word: Tomorrow school-at meeting make-pass-will-we.
- Kuryer buyurtmani bir soatda yetkazdi.
The courier delivered the order within an hour.
Word by Word: Courier order-(object) one hour-in made-reach.
Common Mistakes
Using -dir with a verb that has its own causative ending.
Men choʻntagimdan kalitni chiqdirdim.Men choʻntagimdan kalitni chiqardim.The causative of chiqmoq is chiqarmoq. Learn each causative as a word rather than adding -dir to every verb.
Spelling -qiz with k after yot.
Onam ukamni yotkizdi.Onam ukamni yotqizdi.The causative of yotmoq is spelled yotqizmoq. The consonant of the ending is fixed for each verb, so learn it with the word.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Builds on Making Someone Do It: -dir and -t.
Related Patterns
- Causative Plus Passive
These causatives can also be made passive: oʻtkazildi.
Level 5 - -niThe Definite Object Ending -ni
Marks the person made to act when the base verb has no object.
Level 1 - -ga/-ka/-qaTo or Toward: -ga
Marks the direction or the person who receives something: kutubxonaga qaytardim.
Level 1 - Which Case a Verb Takes
Which case each verb needs on its objects.
Level 3 - G-Initial Endings After K and Q
A similar g, k and q switch, though endings such as -ga change only after k and q.
Level 3
Practice -ir/-ar, -giz/-kaz in Bubblegum
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