-dan (chiqish kelishigi)
From: -dan
-dan means from or out of, and it goes on the end of the noun: ish + -dan → ishdan (from work).
How It Works
-dan is the "from" case. It completes the set of place endings together with -ga (to) and -da (at):
- uyga — to the house
- uyda — at the house
- uydan — from the house
1. Where you come from
Ishdan keldim (I came from work). With a person ending it says where someone is from: Samarqand + -dan + -man → Samarqanddanman (I am from Samarkand).
2. One shape only
Unlike -ga, -dan does not change after k or q: bankdan, qishloqdan. After a voiceless sound it may sound like -tan, but it is always written -dan: ishdan, Toshkentdan.
3. Out of and through
-dan also marks the opening something passes through: Derazadan qaradi (He looked out of the window), Eshikdan kirdi (She came in through the door).
4. Some verbs ask for -dan
A few common verbs take their object with -dan, where English uses of or nothing: itdan qoʻrqmoq (to be afraid of dogs), mendan soʻramoq (to ask me). Learn these as pairs. See which case a verb takes.
5. Some of it
When offering food, -dan means "some of": Nondan oling (Have some bread).
6. More uses
The same ending means than in comparisons (-dan for comparing: Toshkent Samarqanddan katta) and appears in time phrases such as darsdan keyin (after class).
Examples (6)
- Men Samarqanddanman.
I am from Samarkand.
Word by Word: I Samarkand-from-am.
Samarqand + -dan + -man. The person ending turns the place into a sentence.
- Ishdan kech keldim.
I got back from work late.
Word by Word: Work-from late came-I.
ish + -dan → ishdan. It sounds like -tan after sh but is written -dan.
- U doʻkondan non oldi.
She bought bread from the shop.
Word by Word: She shop-from bread took.
The shop is the place the bread comes from.
- Mushuk derazadan qaradi.
The cat looked out of the window.
Word by Word: Cat window-from looked.
-dan also marks the opening something passes through.
- Men itdan qoʻrqaman.
I am afraid of dogs.
Word by Word: I dog-from fear-I.
Qoʻrqmoq (to be afraid) takes what you fear with -dan.
- Bu xat Anvardan.
This letter is from Anvar.
Word by Word: This letter Anvar-from.
A person can be the source too. No verb is needed here.
Common Mistakes
Using -da (at) instead of -dan (from).
Men Toshkentda keldim.Men Toshkentdan keldim.-da says where something is. When you move away from a place, the place takes -dan.
Using -ga with qoʻrqmoq.
Men itga qoʻrqaman.Men itdan qoʻrqaman.Qoʻrqmoq takes the thing you fear with -dan, not -ga. Learn the verb together with its case.
Writing -dan as a separate word.
Ish dan keldim.Ishdan keldim.A case ending is part of the word. Write it attached, with no space.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Builds on In, At or On: -da.
Related Patterns
- -ga/-ka/-qaTo or Toward: -ga
-ga is the opposite direction: to or toward.
Level 1 - -dan (qiyoslash)Than: -dan
The same -dan marks the thing you compare with: Samarqanddan katta (bigger than Samarkand).
Level 2 - -dan keyinAfter
A noun with -dan plus keyin means after: darsdan keyin.
Level 2 - -gachaUntil, As Far as: -gacha
-dan ... -gacha means from ... to: dushanbadan jumagacha.
Level 2 - Which Case a Verb Takes
Some verbs, like qoʻrqmoq and soʻramoq, require -dan on their object.
Level 3
Learn Next
Patterns that build on this one.
- Soat necha?Telling the TimeLevel 2
- menga / meni / mendanPronouns with Case EndingsLevel 2
- -dan beriSince, ForLevel 3
- -dan tashqari / -dan boshqaBesides and ExceptLevel 3
- -ganidanFrom, Glad That: -ganidanLevel 3
- Place Words With Different EndingsLevel 3
- -tadanEach: -tadanLevel 4
- Fractions and PercentagesLevel 4
And 2 more in the full list.
Practice -dan (chiqish kelishigi) in Bubblegum
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