کہ + Clause

Introducing What Someone Says or Thinks

Level 2

Keep the reporting frame separate from the reported content.

How It Works

The clause after کہ has its own subject and predicate. The reporting person and the subject of that clause can differ.

Do not mechanically move the reported verb into the past simply because English sometimes does. Urdu tense and viewpoint follow the intended report.

Do not confuse کہ with possessive کی and کے. Those forms link noun phrases; کہ introduces the content clause in the pattern taught here.

مریم کہتی ہے کہ راستہ کھلا ہے۔
Maryam says that the route is open.
کہ introduces the content of the statement.
ہم جانتے ہیں کہ دکان بند ہے۔
We know that the shop is closed.
The known fact has its own predicate.
بلال نے کہا کہ وہ کل آئے گا۔
Bilal said that he would come the next day.
This translation reads کل relative to the earlier statement and takes وہ to refer to Bilal; context identifies the intended time and person.
مجھے معلوم ہے کہ آپ یہاں ہیں۔
I know that you are here.
The knower and the person in the reported fact differ.

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

کہ + ClauseLevel 2Introducing What Someone Says or Thinks

Recognize a complete proposition that can be embedded inside another clause.

Patterns that build on this one.

And 3 more in the full list.

کہ

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