з огляду на те що
З Огляду На Те Що Causal Clause
З огляду на те що is a high-register conjunction used in formal, academic, or legal contexts to provide a reason based on careful consideration or established facts.
How It Works
The expression з огляду на те що is a formal causal compound conjunction (складений причиновий сполучник) meaning 'in view of the fact that', 'considering that', 'given that', or 'due to the fact that'. It consists of three parts:
- З огляду на: A derivative preposition governing the Accusative case.
- Те: The demonstrative pronoun 'that' in the Accusative neuter singular.
- Що: The subordinating conjunction.
Usage Nuances:
1. Register: It is strictly formal, common in academic, legal, or journalistic styles. A nearly identical formal synonym is зважаючи на те що. In casual conversation, speakers use тому що or бо.
2. Evaluation: Unlike a simple 'because,' this phrase suggests the reason is a significant factor being taken into account. It is often used when the reason is already known to the audience.
3. Punctuation: According to Ukrainian orthography, the comma placement depends on the clause position. If the subordinate clause follows the main clause, the comma can be placed before the whole phrase (, з огляду на те що) or before що (з огляду на те, що). However, if the phrase starts a sentence, according to prescriptive grammar rules, it should not be split by a comma (З огляду на те що...), although in real-world usage native speakers and journalists frequently do split it.
4. Sentence Position: It frequently starts a sentence to set the premise before the main result is stated.
5. Direct Noun Usage: The base preposition з огляду на can also be used directly with a noun or pronoun in the Accusative case without те що (e.g., з огляду на обставини – 'given the circumstances').
Examples (4)
- З огляду на те що дані змінилися, прогноз оновили.
Given that the data has changed, the forecast was updated.
Word by Word: From view on that, that data changed, forecast [they] updated.
Here, the change in data is presented as the formal premise for the action of updating the forecast. Notice that because the conjunction starts the sentence, it is not split by a comma.
- З огляду на те що Польща не є учасницею цієї конвенції, передача справи відбудеться на основі двосторонньої угоди.
In view of the fact that Poland is not a party to this convention, the transfer of the case will take place on the basis of a bilateral agreement.
Word by Word: From view on that, that Poland not is participant [of] this convention, transfer [of] case will-happen on basis [of] bilateral agreement.
This demonstrates the legal/official register where specific facts dictate a particular procedure.
- Проєкт довелося призупинити, з огляду на те що фінансування було скорочено.
The project had to be suspended, given that the funding was cut.
Word by Word: Project [it] had-to to-suspend, from view on that, that funding was cut.
When placed in the middle of a sentence, the comma can precede the entire compound conjunction.
- Рішення було прийнято з огляду на те, що термін подачі заявок закінчився.
The decision was made in view of the fact that the application deadline had expired.
Word by Word: Decision was taken from view on that, that term [of] submission [of] applications ended.
The phrase can also appear in the middle of a sentence to justify a preceding action. Here, the comma splits the conjunction directly before 'що'.
Common Mistakes
Using the Genitive case 'того' instead of the Accusative 'те'.
З огляду на того, що...З огляду на те, що...The derivative preposition 'з огляду на' requires the Accusative case for its object. 'Того' is the Genitive form and is grammatically incorrect in this construction.
Using this formal phrase in casual speech or text messages.
Different MeaningЯ не прийду з огляду на те, що я втомився.Я не прийду, бо я втомився.Using 'з огляду на те що' to explain personal feelings to a friend sounds unnaturally bureaucratic. In informal contexts, simple conjunctions like 'бо' or 'тому що' are preferred.
How It Connects
Learn This First
The pattern 'з огляду на те що' is a complex formal conjunction. To understand it, a learner needs to be familiar with how the preposition 'на' functions, how the correlative 'те, що' acts as a placeholder for a clause, and how 'що' functions as a subordinator to introduce the reason.
- той, хто / те, щоCorrelative Relative Constructions
This pattern uses the correlative structure 'те, що' (the fact that) as a base for the causal conjunction.
Level 3 - що (з'ясувальне)Content Clauses with Що
Understanding how 'що' introduces a subordinate clause is essential for the structure of this formal conjunction.
Level 3 - наPreposition На
The preposition 'на' is a core component of the fixed phrase 'з огляду на'.
Level 1
Related Patterns
- позаякFormal Causal Позаяк
Another formal causal conjunction. Note that 'зважаючи на те що' is a direct synonym to 'з огляду на те що', while 'позаяк' is a single word and slightly less focused on the 'evaluation' aspect.
Level 6 - за умови щоFormal Condition За Умови Що
A similarly structured formal conjunction, but used for conditions ('on the condition that') rather than causes.
Level 6 - тим паче щоEmphatic Added Reason
Another complex causal conjunction used to add an even stronger reason to a previous statement.
Level 6 - після того якTemporal Clauses with “After”
Uses a similar 'preposition + demonstrative + conjunction' structure to indicate time instead of cause.
Level 3
Words in This Pattern
Practice з огляду на те що in Bubblegum
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