-नुपर्दछ

Formal Must

Level 5Sounds Like nupardacha

The written must is one word: the stem, -नु and पर्दछ. In speech it is -नुपर्छ.

How It Works

The speech form -नुपर्छ is joined to the verb: जानुपर्छ. Formal writing keeps it as one word and swaps पर्छ for पर्दछ: जानुपर्दछ, गर्नुपर्दछ.

IdeaWritten
mustगर्नुपर्दछ
need notगर्नुपर्दैन
must notगर्नु हुँदैन

The person who must act usually takes ले: सबैले नियम पालना गर्नुपर्दछ. ले is optional with this form, and some writers leave it out when the doer is a general you.

For a prohibition use गर्नु हुँदैन, usually written as separate words (smoking is not allowed: यहाँ धूम्रपान गर्नु हुँदैन). The rules for -नुपर्दछ match the spoken -नुपर्छ, only the register changes.

Examples (4)

  1. सबैले नियम पालना गर्नुपर्दछ।

    Everyone must follow the rules.

    गर्नुपर्दछ is one word.

  2. विद्यार्थीले समयमा कक्षामा उपस्थित हुनुपर्दछ।

    Students must be present in class on time.

    हुनुपर्दछ follows उपस्थित (present), so the sentence says students must be present.

  3. नागरिकले कर तिर्नुपर्दछ।

    Citizens must pay tax.

    तिर्नुपर्दछ is the formal form of must.

  4. हामीले वातावरणको संरक्षण गर्नुपर्दछ।

    We must protect the environment.

    संरक्षण is a Sanskrit-based word, which fits the formal form.

Common Mistakes

  • Using -नुपर्दैन to say must not.

    यहाँ धूम्रपान गर्नुपर्दैन।
    यहाँ धूम्रपान गर्नु हुँदैन।

    गर्नुपर्दैन means you need not smoke here, which is not a ban. For must not, use गर्नु हुँदैन.

How It Connects

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-नुपर्दछLevel 5Formal Must

Learn This First

-नुपर्दछ is the formal must.