द्वारा

By, In Formal Writing

Level 5Sounds Like dvārā

द्वारा means "by" and names the doer in a passive sentence.

How It Works

Formal Maithili uses passive sentences: the thing done comes first, and the doer is named with द्वारा ("by"). The verb ends in -ल गेल.

PartExample
doer + द्वारासरकार द्वारा
thingनव सड़क
passive verbबनाओल गेल
  • द्वारा comes after the doer and is written as a separate word.
  • The verb often uses the -आओल form for made things: बनाओल गेल.
  • Everyday speech names the doer more simply: सरकार सड़क बनौलक।

You see द्वारा in news, notices, school circulars and official letters. It is not needed in daily talk, where you would use सँ or an active sentence. Do not write it after a pronoun in casual messages; it sounds stiff.

Examples (4)

  1. सरकार द्वारा नव सड़क बनाओल गेल।

    A new road was built by the government.

    द्वारा names the government as the doer.

  2. समिति द्वारा ई निर्णय लेल गेल।

    This decision was taken by the committee.

    लेल गेल is the passive of लेब.

  3. विद्यालय द्वारा पुरस्कार देल गेल।

    Prizes were given by the school.

    देल गेल is the passive of देब.

  4. ई पुस्तक एकटा शिक्षक द्वारा लिखल गेल अछि।

    This book has been written by a teacher.

    द्वारा follows the doer, एकटा शिक्षक.

How It Connects

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द्वाराLevel 5By, In Formal Writing

Learn This First

द्वारा is a formal word that names the doer in a passive sentence.

Words in This Pattern

द्वारासँ