се врши / е извршено

Administrative Passive

Level 6Sounds Like administrativen pasiv: se vrši; e izvršeno

Process: Се врши реконструкција на патот. (The road is being rebuilt.) · Result: Уплатата е извршена. (The payment has been made.)

How It Works

Why official texts like it. A notice from a municipality, a bank or a ministry is about the process, not about who carries it out. Both passives leave the doer out.

1. Се + imperfective verb: a process.

  • Се врши реконструкција на патот. (The road is being rebuilt.)
  • Документите се доставуваат до архивата. (Documents are submitted to the archive.)
  • Се известуваат граѓаните дека утре нема да има вода. (Citizens are informed that there will be no water tomorrow.)
The verb agrees with the noun, even when the noun comes after it: се врши проверка, but се вршат проверки, се известуваат граѓаните. The verb врши (carries out) with an action noun is typical of this style (see номинален стил).

2. Сум + verbal adjective: a result.

  • Уплатата е извршена. (The payment has been made.)
  • Барањето е одобрено. (The request has been approved.)
  • Состанокот беше одложен. (The meeting was postponed.)
  • Барањето ќе биде разгледано во рок од осум дена. (The request will be examined within eight days.)
The verbal adjective agrees with the subject: уплатата е извршена, плаќањето е извршено, уплатите се извршени. See сум + глаголска придавка.

Naming the doer. When the doer matters, the сум passive can add it with од (see пасив: сум + глаголска придавка + од). Official texts often use the longer од страна на (by): Проверката е извршена од страна на инспекторот. (The check was carried out by the inspector.)

Aspect. Use an imperfective verb with се for what is going on or done regularly (се врши, се доставуваат), and a perfective verbal adjective with сум for what is finished (извршена, одобрено). After ќе or да, a perfective verb with се describes a single future step: Барањето ќе се разгледа наскоро. (The request will be examined soon.) Without a subject at all, the same се gives a general rule (see безлично се: се вели; не се пуши).

Examples (6)

  1. Се врши реконструкција на патот.

    The road is being rebuilt.

    Word by Word: Self performs reconstruction of road-the.

  2. Уплатата е извршена.

    The payment has been made.

    Word by Word: Payment-the is carried-out.

  3. Се известуваат граѓаните дека утре нема да има вода.

    Citizens are informed that there will be no water tomorrow.

    Word by Word: Self inform citizens-the that tomorrow not-will to has water.

    The verb is plural because it agrees with граѓаните.

  4. Барањето ќе биде разгледано во рок од осум дена.

    The request will be examined within eight days.

    Word by Word: Request-the will be examined in period of eight days.

  5. Проверката е извршена од страна на инспекторот.

    The check was carried out by the inspector.

    Word by Word: Check-the is carried-out from side of inspector-the.

  6. Се вршат поправки на покривот.

    Repairs are being made to the roof.

    Word by Word: Self perform repairs on roof-the.

Common Mistakes

  • Leaving the verb singular with a plural noun.

    Се врши поправки на покривот.
    Се вршат поправки на покривот.

    In the се passive, the verb agrees with the noun, even when the noun comes after it.

  • Forgetting to make the verbal adjective agree.

    Уплатата е извршено.
    Уплатата е извршена.

    Уплата is feminine, so the verbal adjective ends in -а.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

се врши / е извршеноLevel 6Administrative Passive

Learn This First

The administrative passive combines both passives.

Words in This Pattern