-아/어지다
Ukuba, Ukuphenduka
-아/어지다 isiphetho esiguquguqukayo esikhombisa ushintsho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma sengezwe esichasisweni, sisho 'ukuba' noma 'ukuthola' leso sici. Isibonelo, 'warm' (따뜻하다) siba 'to get warm' (따뜻해지다). Singasetshenziswa futhi nezenzo ezithile ukwakha uhlobo lokwenziwa (passive voice), okusho ukuthi kukhona 'okwenziwa' esenzweni.
Isebenza kanjani
Lolu hlelo lunemisebenzi emibili eyinhloko: ukukhombisa ushintsho esimweni ngezichasiso, nokwakha uhlobo lokwenziwa ngezenzo.
1. Ushintsho Esimweni (nezichasiso)
Lokhu ukusetshenziswa okuvame kakhulu. Kuxhuma empandeni yesichasiso ukudala isenzo esisho 'ukuba [isichasiso]' noma 'ukuthola [isichasiso]'. Kukhombisa ushintsho oluhamba kancane noma oluqediwe esicini noma esimweni.
Imithetho Yokuhlanganisa:
- Uma unkamisa wokugcina wempande kungu-ㅏ noma ㅗ, engeza -아지다.
- 좋다 (good) → 좋아지다 (to become good)
- 밝다 (bright) → 밝아지다 (to become bright) - Uma unkamisa wokugcina kungomunye, engeza -어지다.
- 춥다 (cold) → 추워지다 (to become cold) (ㅂ irregular)
- 예쁘다 (pretty) → 예뻐지다 (to become pretty) (ㅡ irregular) - Ezichasisweni eziphela ngo-하다, kuba -해지다.
- 깨끗하다 (clean) → 깨끗해지다 (to become clean)
- 복잡하다 (complicated) → 복잡해지다 (to become complicated)
Lolu hlobo luvame ukusetshenziswa ne-past tense ukukhombisa ushintsho oluqediwe (isibonelo, 날씨가 따뜻해졌어요 - The weather has become warm).
2. Uhlobo Lokwenziwa (Passive Voice) (nezenzo)
Lolu hlelo lungaphinde luxhunywe kwezinye izimpande zezenzo ukudala isenzo sokwenziwa. Uhlobo lokwenziwa lisho ukuthi isenzo somusho sithola isenzo, hhayi ukuthi siyasenza.
Izibonelo:
- 쓰다 (to write) → 써지다 (to be written)
- 만들다 (to make) → 만들어지다 (to be made)
- 믿다 (to believe) → 믿어지다 (to be believed)
Isibonelo:
Active: 제가 이 책을 썼어요. (I wrote this book.)
Passive: 이 책은 잘 써졌어요. (This book was written well.)
Nakuba izenzo eziningi zinohlobo lwazo oluyingqayizivele lokwenziwa (ezivame ukusebenzisa -이/히/리/기-), -아/어지다 kuyindlela evamile yokwenza izenzo zibe zokwenziwa, ikakhulukazi lezo ezingenalo olunye uhlobo lokwenziwa.
Izibonelo (5)
- 날씨가 점점 추워져요.
The weather is gradually getting colder.
Igama ngegama: Weather gradually becomes cold.
춥다 (cold) + -어지다 → 추워지다 (to become cold). Lokhu kukhombisa ushintsho esimweni olwenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- 방이 깨끗해졌어요.
The room has become clean.
Igama ngegama: Room became clean.
깨끗하다 (clean) + -아/어지다 → 깨끗해지다. I-past tense -졌어요 ikhombisa ukuthi ushintsho seluqediwe.
- 열심히 공부하면 한국어 실력이 좋아질 거예요.
If you study hard, your Korean skills will improve.
Igama ngegama: Diligently if study, Korean skill will become good.
좋다 (good) + -아지다 → 좋아지다. Lapha isetshenziswa ne-future tense ukubikezela ushintsho lwakusasa.
- 이 건물은 10년 전에 만들어졌어요.
This building was built 10 years ago.
Igama ngegama: This building 10 years before was made.
만들다 (to make) + -어지다 → 만들어지다 (to be made). Lolu uhlobo lokwenziwa, olukhombisa ukuthi isakhiwo sithole isenzo sokwenziwa.
- 그 이야기는 믿어지지 않아요.
That story is unbelievable.
Igama ngegama: That story is not believed.
믿다 (to believe) + -어지다 → 믿어지다 (to be believed). Lolu hlobo lokwenziwa luveza ukuthi indaba ayikholeki kukhulumi.
Amaphutha avamile
Ukusebenzisa -아/어지다 nezibizo esikhundleni sika-되다.
저는 의사졌어요.저는 의사가 되었어요.-아/어지다 kuxhuma ezichasisweni ukuchaza ushintsho esicini (isibonelo, ukuba muhle). Ukuchaza ukuba yisibizo (njengodokotela), kufanele usebenzise uhlelo 'Noun + 이/가 되다'.
Ukudida ushintsho esimweni (-아/어지다) noshintsho esimweni sezinto (-게 되다).
내년에 한국에 예뻐질 거예요.내년에 한국에 가게 되었어요.-아/어지다 isetshenziswa nezichasiso ukushintsha isimo (isibonelo, 예뻐지다 - to become pretty). -게 되다 isetshenziswa nezenzo ukukhombisa ushintsho esimweni sezinto, okuvame ukuba ngaphandle kokulawulwa ngokuqondile kukhulumi. Kusho 'ukuthola ukwenza' noma 'ukugcina usenza'.
Ihlangana kanjani
Funda lokhu kuqala
Izakhiwo ezihlobene
- -게 되다Ukuba, ukugcina ngokwenza
Zombili ziveza ushintsho. -아/어지다 ingeyoshintsho esimweni sesichasiso (isibonelo, 날씨가 추워지다 - the weather becomes cold), kanti -게 되다 ingeyoshintsho esimweni noma esenzweni (isibonelo, 한국에 가게 되다 - to end up going to Korea).
Izinga 4 - 되다Ukuba, Ukuvunyelwa
Nakuba -아/어지다 isho 'ukuba' ezichasisweni, 되다 isetshenziswa nezibizo ukusho 'ukuba'. Isibonelo, 예뻐지다 (to become pretty) vs. 의사가 되다 (to become a doctor).
Izinga 2 - Ukuhlanganisa Iziphawulo
-아/어지다 kuxhuma empandeni yezichasiso. Ukuqonda indlela yokuthola impande nokusebenzisa -아/어 conjugation rule kubalulekile ekusebenziseni lolu hlelo ngendlela efanele.
Izisekelo - -았/었/였-Isikhathi Esedlule
Le past tense marker isetshenziswa njalo ne--아/어지다 ukuchaza ushintsho oluvele luqediwe. Isibonelo, 깨끗해졌어요 (it has become clean).
Izinga 1