boʻyicha

In, By, According to: Boʻyicha

Level 3

Boʻyicha comes after a plain noun and links it to a plan, a subject or an area: reja boʻyicha (according to the plan), matematika boʻyicha oʻqituvchi (a maths teacher).

How It Works

Boʻyicha follows a noun in its plain form, with no case ending. It has three common uses.

1. According to a plan, rule or order.

  • reja boʻyicha (according to the plan)
  • qoida boʻyicha (by the rules)
  • qonun boʻyicha (by law)

2. A subject or field. Uzbek often uses it to say a maths teacher, an English exam or a champion in football:

  • matematika boʻyicha oʻqituvchi (a maths teacher)
  • ingliz tili boʻyicha imtihon (an English exam)
  • futbol boʻyicha jahon chempionati (the football World Cup)
  • kasbi boʻyicha shifokor (a doctor by profession)

A noun pair is just as common for a teacher or an exam: matematika oʻqituvchisi (a maths teacher), ingliz tili imtihoni (an English exam).

3. Across an area. With a place, it means throughout or across that place, often with butun (whole):

  • butun shahar boʻyicha (across the whole city)
  • viloyat boʻyicha (across the region)

No -ga. -ga koʻra, which also means according to, needs -ga: qoidaga koʻra. Boʻyicha does not: qoida boʻyicha.

Not for by in passives. To say who did something in a passive sentence, use tomonidan: Kitob Abdulla Qodiriy tomonidan yozilgan (The book was written by Abdulla Qodiriy). Qodiriy boʻyicha would mean according to Qodiriy.

Boʻyicha and boʻylab. Boʻylab is the word for moving along something: koʻcha boʻylab yurdik (we walked along the street).

Examples (6)

  1. Hammasi reja boʻyicha ketyapti.

    Everything is going according to plan.

    Word by Word: Everything plan by is-going.

    reja stays plain before boʻyicha.

  2. U futbol boʻyicha chempion.

    He is a football champion.

    Word by Word: He football in champion.

    A field or sport.

  3. Opam matematika boʻyicha oʻqituvchi.

    My older sister is a maths teacher.

    Word by Word: Older-sister-my mathematics in teacher.

    The subject someone teaches.

  4. Ertaga ingliz tili boʻyicha imtihon bor.

    There is an English exam tomorrow.

    Word by Word: Tomorrow English language in exam there-is.

    The subject of an exam.

  5. Qoida boʻyicha, bu yerda chekish mumkin emas.

    By the rules, smoking is not allowed here.

    Word by Word: Rule by, this place-at smoking possible not.

    According to a rule.

  6. Butun viloyat boʻyicha yomgʻir yogʻdi.

    It rained across the whole region.

    Word by Word: Whole region across rain rained.

    An area: throughout the region.

Common Mistakes

  • Adding -ga before boʻyicha.

    Rejaga boʻyicha hammasi yaxshi.
    Reja boʻyicha hammasi yaxshi.

    Boʻyicha takes a plain noun. Learners add -ga because -ga koʻra (according to) needs it.

  • Using boʻyicha for the doer in a passive.

    Bu kitob Qodiriy boʻyicha yozilgan.
    Bu kitob Qodiriy tomonidan yozilgan.

    Qodiriy boʻyicha means according to Qodiriy, not by Qodiriy. The person who did the action takes tomonidan.

How It Connects

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