-gacha
Until, As Far as: -gacha
Noun + -gacha = until, as far as: ertagacha (until tomorrow), soat oʻngacha (until ten o'clock). -dan ... -gacha = from ... to.
How It Works
1. Until, as far as
-gacha marks the end point.
- time: ertagacha (until tomorrow), soat oʻngacha (until ten o'clock), hozirgacha (until now, so far)
- place: Samarqandgacha (as far as Samarkand), metro bekatigacha (to the metro station)
2. From ... to
Put -dan on the start and -gacha on the end: dushanbadan jumagacha (from Monday to Friday), ertalabdan kechgacha (from morning to evening), Toshkentdan Samarqandgacha (from Tashkent to Samarkand).
3. Spelling after k and q
The g changes to match a final k or q: qishloqqacha (as far as the village), yoʻlakkacha (as far as the corridor). Everywhere else it stays -gacha.
4. By a deadline
With a verb about finishing, -gacha means by: Ertagacha tayyor boʻladi. (It will be ready by tomorrow.)
5. Saying goodbye
Ertagacha! (Until tomorrow!) is a friendly way to say see you tomorrow.
6. A formal twin
-ga qadar means the same thing in formal writing: ertaga qadar (until tomorrow).
7. With verbs
-gacha goes on nouns. For until someone does something, use Until and Before: -guncha: Men kelguncha kuting. (Wait until I come.)
Examples (6)
- Ertagacha!
See you tomorrow!
Word by Word: tomorrow-until
- Dushanbadan jumagacha ishlayman.
I work from Monday to Friday.
Word by Word: Monday-from Friday-until I-work
- Metro bekatigacha piyoda boramiz.
We will walk to the metro station.
Bekat + i + gacha: the ending comes after the possessive.
- Doʻkon soat oʻngacha ochiq.
The shop is open until ten o'clock.
- Hozirgacha javob kelmadi.
No answer has come so far.
Word by Word: now-until answer did-not-come
- Qishloqqacha yana ikki kilometr bor.
It is two more kilometres to the village.
After q, -gacha is written -qacha.
Common Mistakes
Keeping g after a word that ends in q.
Qishloqgacha piyoda bordik.Qishloqqacha piyoda bordik.After q the ending starts with q: -qacha. After k it starts with k: -kacha.
Putting -gacha on a verb.
Men kelgacha kuting.Men kelguncha kuting.-gacha goes on nouns. For until someone does something, the verb takes -guncha.
Saying ertaga (tomorrow) when you mean until tomorrow.
Ertaga kutaman.Ertagacha kutaman.Ertaga kutaman means I will wait tomorrow. Until tomorrow is ertagacha, which is erta + -gacha, not ertaga + -gacha.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Builds on From: -dan.
Related Patterns
- -ga/-ka/-qaTo or Toward: -ga
Direction to a place; -gacha adds the idea of as far as or until.
Level 1 - G-Initial Endings After K and Q
The spelling rule behind -kacha and -qacha.
Level 3 - -gunchaUntil and Before: -guncha
The until form for verbs.
Level 3 - -dan beriSince, For
The opposite direction in time: since.
Level 3 - Soat necha?Telling the Time
Clock times often take -gacha: soat oʻngacha.
Level 2
Words in This Pattern
Practice -gacha in Bubblegum
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