-dan tashqari / -dan boshqa
Besides and Except
Add -dan to the noun, then tashqari or boshqa: Choydan tashqari qahva ham bor (Besides tea, there is coffee too). Sizdan boshqa hech kim kelmadi (Nobody came except you).
How It Works
Both words come after a noun or pronoun with -dan.
Besides, in addition to. When the sentence adds something more, usually with ham or yana, use tashqari:
- Oʻzbek tilidan tashqari rus tilini ham biladi. (Besides Uzbek, he also knows Russian.)
- Undan tashqari yana ikki kishi keladi. (Besides him, two more people are coming.)
Except, other than. When the sentence leaves something out, usually with a negative such as hech kim or with har, both words are used, and boshqa is especially common:
- Sizdan boshqa hech kim kelmadi. (Nobody came except you.)
- Choydan boshqa narsa ichmayman. (I don't drink anything but tea.)
- Yakshanbadan tashqari har kuni ishlaymiz. (We work every day except Sunday.)
Boshqa on its own. Without -dan, boshqa is just the adjective other or another: boshqa kitob (another book). Compare kitobdan boshqa (except the book). The -dan is what makes it mean except.
With pronouns. Put -dan on the pronoun: mendan tashqari (besides me), sizdan boshqa (except you), undan tashqari (besides him or her). Bundan tashqari at the start of a sentence is a set phrase meaning besides that, what is more.
Tashqari as a place word. Tashqari also means outside: tashqarida (outside), tashqariga chiqdi (went outside). As besides it stays bare and follows a word with -dan.
Examples (6)
- Oʻzbek tilidan tashqari rus tilini ham biladi.
Besides Uzbek, he also knows Russian.
Word by Word: Uzbek language-from besides Russian language-ACC also knows.
tashqari with ham adds one more thing.
- Sizdan boshqa hech kim kelmadi.
Nobody came except you.
Word by Word: You-from other no one came-not.
boshqa with a negative leaves one person out.
- Yakshanbadan tashqari har kuni ishlaymiz.
We work every day except Sunday.
Word by Word: Sunday-from besides every day work-we.
With har, tashqari means except.
- Choydan boshqa narsa ichmayman.
I don't drink anything but tea.
Word by Word: Tea-from other thing drink-not-I.
A negative verb gives the except meaning.
- Undan tashqari yana ikki kishi keladi.
Besides him, two more people are coming.
Word by Word: Him-from besides again two person comes.
u + -dan = undan.
- Bundan boshqa savolingiz bormi?
Do you have any other questions?
Word by Word: This-from other question-your is-there?
bundan boshqa: other than this.
Common Mistakes
Forgetting -dan on the noun or pronoun.
Siz boshqa hech kim kelmadi.Sizdan boshqa hech kim kelmadi.Without -dan, boshqa does not mean except. The word before tashqari or boshqa must end in -dan.
Putting -dan on tashqari instead of the noun.
Oʻzbek tili tashqaridan rus tilini ham biladi.Oʻzbek tilidan tashqari rus tilini ham biladi.The -dan goes on the noun and tashqari stays bare. Tashqaridan means from outside.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Builds on From: -dan and Only.
Related Patterns
- bundan tashqari / qolaversaBesides That, What Is More
Bundan tashqari is this pattern as a set phrase: besides that.
Level 4 - hamAlso, Too
Ham in the sentence points to the besides meaning.
Level 1 - hech kim / hech narsa / hech qachonNobody, Nothing, Never
A negative with hech points to the except meaning.
Level 2 - harEvery
Har kuni ... -dan tashqari means every day except.
Level 2
Words in This Pattern
Practice -dan tashqari / -dan boshqa in Bubblegum
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