Verb Stem + کر

Linking Actions by One Participant

Level 2

Join actions while keeping their understood doer clear.

How It Works

The linked form has no separate tense ending. A verb stem is followed by کر; کرنا commonly gives کر کے.

The phrase can also describe how the main action is done: بیٹھ کر can mean while sitting. The participant is normally shared. Do not attach a کر phrase to a new subject if that would make the wrong person perform the first action.

In a simple perfective sequence, the main verb governs the main subject’s case pattern. An earlier transitive action does not automatically add نے when the main verb is intransitive.

Examples (4)

  1. مریم چابی لے کر باہر گئی۔

    Maryam took the key and went outside.

    Maryam performs both actions; گئی is the main verb.

  2. ہم دروازہ کھول کر اندر آئے۔

    We opened the door and came inside.

    The main intransitive آئے keeps the subject unmarked.

  3. بلال نے بیٹھ کر خط لکھا۔

    Bilal wrote a letter while sitting.

    بیٹھ کر describes how Bilal wrote; the main transitive perfective لکھا requires the نے subject.

  4. یہ کام کر کے مجھے بلائیے۔

    Do this task, then call me.

    کرنا gives کر کے in the linked phrase.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

Verb Stem + کرLevel 2Linking Actions by One Participant

Learn This First

Identify the stem before attaching the conjunctive marker. Identify the shared actor and the relationship between the linked actions.

Learn Next

Patterns that build on this one.