Verb Stem + چکنا
Having Finished an Action
Keep the main verb bare and put completion and agreement on چکنا.
How It Works
For a feminine reader, مریم ناول پڑھ چکی ہے says that she has finished the novel. پڑھ stays bare. Masculine ناول does not determine چکی.
Use the copula to locate the completed state: پڑھ چکی ہے connects it with now, while پڑھ چکی تھی connects it with a past point. A respectful or plural masculine subject can take چکے ہیں.
This emphasis is useful when completion matters to the next action.
Examples (4)
- مریم ناول پڑھ چکی ہے۔
Maryam has already finished reading the novel.
چکی agrees with the reader, not masculine ناول.
- بلال جواب بھیج چکا ہے۔
Bilal has already sent the reply.
The subject stays unmarked despite transitive بھیجنا.
- ہم یہ جگہ دیکھ چکے ہیں۔
We have already seen this place.
The group controls چکے ہیں, not feminine جگہ.
- وہ لڑکیاں کھانا کھا چکی تھیں۔
Those girls had already eaten.
چکی تھیں has feminine plural subject agreement.
Common Mistakes
Adding نے to the completion construction.
مریم نے ناول پڑھ چکی ہے۔مریم ناول پڑھ چکی ہے۔With چکنا, use an unmarked subject and subject agreement.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Recognize a bare stem followed by a conjugated auxiliary.
Related Patterns
- Perfective Verb + ہے / ہیںA Completed Event Relevant Now
Compare a present perfect without completion emphasis.
Level 3 - نے + Completed Transitive VerbNe with a Completed Transitive Action
A plain transitive perfective has a different subject pattern.
Level 2 - Perfective Verb + تھا / تھیAn Event Completed Before a Past Point
Place completion before a past point.
Level 3
Words in This Pattern
Practice Verb Stem + چکنا in Bubblegum
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