ตลอดจน
As Well as
ตลอดจน adds work-permit applications to company registration in one example, and elderly people to children and youth in another.
How It Works
Adding to the Scope With ตลอดจน
ตลอดจน can mean 'including', 'as well as', or 'extending all the way to'. In these examples it adds another item or area to what has been mentioned. The connector alone does not establish that every possible item has been listed.
1. Connect the Named Items
In เราให้บริการจดทะเบียนบริษัท ตลอดจนการขอใบอนุญาตทำงาน, it adds work-permit applications to company-registration services. Those are the two services named; the sentence does not promise every legal service. In โครงการนี้ครอบคลุมถึงเด็ก เยาวชน ตลอดจนผู้สูงอายุ, it adds elderly people to children and youth. It does not explicitly name adults of every age.
2. Read the Full Scope
และ joins items with 'and'. รวมทั้ง can add an included item. Compare what each complete sentence includes rather than treating ตลอดจน as a guarantee of an exhaustive list or a fixed progression from narrow to broad.
3. Context and Register
The examples here concern services, social groups, language use, and an invocation excerpt. Choose wording for the particular speech or writing context; the connector is not universally forbidden in conversation. For an exercise specifically requesting กับ to join the desired food and water, use ฉันอยากกินข้าวกับน้ำ. The alternative uses ตลอดจน instead of the requested connector.
4. A Time Endpoint
For the exercise requesting จนถึง before the finishing time, use ฉันทำงานจนถึงห้าโมงเย็น. The linked จนกระทั่ง also expresses an until relation. ตลอดจน has a broader extending-to sense as well as inclusion, so this exercise selects the stated จนถึง construction rather than banning every endpoint use of ตลอดจน.
5. An Invocation Excerpt
ขออำนาจคุณพระรัตนตรัยตลอดจนสิ่งศักดิ์สิทธิ์ทั้งหลายในสากลโลก invokes the power of the Triple Gem and sacred things in the world. This is the invocation portion of a blessing, not a complete blessing specifying a requested result.
Examples (4)
- ขออำนาจคุณพระรัตนตรัยตลอดจนสิ่งศักดิ์สิทธิ์ทั้งหลายในสากลโลก
Invoking the power of the Triple Gem as well as all sacred things in the world.
Word by Word: Invoke power Triple Gem as well as sacred things all in world
This invocation excerpt adds sacred things in the world to the Triple Gem. It does not specify the requested result of a complete blessing. The broad sacred-things wording is in the phrase itself, not an automatic meaning of ตลอดจน.
- ประเทศไทยใช้ภาษานี้ในการดำเนินงานราชการ การศึกษา ตลอดจนในชีวิตประจำวัน
Thailand uses this language in government affairs, education, as well as in daily life.
Word by Word: Thailand use language this in government affairs education as well as in daily life
The sentence names government affairs, education, and daily life as areas of language use. ตลอดจน adds the daily-life phrase.
- เราให้บริการจดทะเบียนบริษัท ตลอดจนการขอใบอนุญาตทำงาน
We provide company registration services as well as work permit applications.
Word by Word: We provide service company registration as well as work-permit application
The connector adds work-permit applications to company-registration services; it does not entail that every legal requirement is covered.
- โครงการนี้ครอบคลุมถึงเด็ก เยาวชน ตลอดจนผู้สูงอายุ
This project covers children, youth, as well as the elderly.
Word by Word: Project this cover children youth as well as elderly people
The project statement names children, youth, and elderly people. The connector adds the elderly group; it does not explicitly include every age group.
Common Mistakes
Not using the requested กับ connector in this food-and-water sentence.
ฉันอยากกินข้าวตลอดจนน้ำฉันอยากกินข้าวกับน้ำFor the task requesting กับ, use ฉันอยากกินข้าวกับน้ำ. ฉันอยากกินข้าวตลอดจนน้ำ uses a different connector. และ is another and connector, but this exercise selects the stated กับ form rather than imposing a universal ban on ตลอดจน in conversation.
Not using the requested จนถึง construction for the five-o’clock endpoint.
ฉันทำงานตลอดจนห้าโมงเย็นฉันทำงานจนถึงห้าโมงเย็นFor this task’s requested time-endpoint construction, use ฉันทำงานจนถึงห้าโมงเย็น. จนกระทั่ง also expresses until. The alternative uses ตลอดจน rather than the requested จนถึง; this comparison does not claim ตลอดจน can only link list items.
How It Connects
Learn This First
ตลอดจน is a formal conjunction used to link the final item in a list, meaning 'as well as' or 'including'. To understand it, learners should first be familiar with basic conjunctions like 'และ' (and), the concept of listing items using 'เช่น' (such as), and the word 'จน' which indicates a limit or extent.
- จนTo the Point That
The word 'จน' (until/to the point that) is a core component of this pattern, providing the sense of extending a list to its final limit.
Level 3 - เช่นSuch as
Learning how to list examples or items using 'such as' provides the necessary context for using 'ตลอดจน' to conclude such lists.
Level 3
Related Patterns
- และAnd — Formal Link
และ joins items with and; ตลอดจน can add inclusion or extend the stated scope.
Level 1 - รวมทั้งIncluding with รวมทั้ง
รวมทั้ง can mean including or as well as; compare the complete scope named in each sentence.
Level 5 - จนกระทั่งUntil at Last
จนกระทั่ง expresses an until relation; the endpoint exercise here specifically requests จนถึง.
Level 3 - Speech And Writing Differ
Compare the wording suited to each speech or writing situation rather than treating ตลอดจน as universally restricted to writing.
Level 5 - เป็นต้นAnd So on
เป็นต้น closes an example list with and so on; ตลอดจน connects the additional phrase in these examples.
Level 3
Words in This Pattern
Practice ตลอดจน in Bubblegum
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