-एसम्म

Until Something Happens

Level 4Sounds Like ēsam'ma

-एसम्म means until.

How It Works

सम्म means until or up to. After a verb in the -ए form it makes a clause: until something happens.

  • म नआएसम्म पर्खनुहोस्। (Wait until I come.)
  • पानी नरोकिएसम्म हामी यहीँ बस्छौँ। (We stay here until the rain stops.)
  • खाना नबनेसम्म हामी कुरा गर्छौँ। (We chat until the food is ready.)

The verb is almost always negative, because the action has not happened yet. The न- joins the verb: नआए, नरोकिए, नबने.

The main clause says what continues, and it can be a request, a plan or a fact. For until a noun, such as a day or an hour, use सम्म after the noun: बेलुकासम्म.

Examples (5)

  1. म नआएसम्म पर्खनुहोस्।

    Wait until I come.

    नआएसम्म means until I have come.

  2. पानी नरोकिएसम्म हामी यहीँ बस्छौँ।

    We stay here until the rain stops.

    नरोकिएसम्म takes a thing as the doer.

  3. खाना नबनेसम्म हामी कुरा गर्छौँ।

    We chat until the food is ready.

    बन्नु becomes नबने.

  4. तपाईंले नभन्नुभएसम्म म जाँदिनँ।

    I will not go until you say so.

    With तपाईं the verb is नभन्नुभएसम्म, and भन्नु keeps ले. The main clause is also negative.

  5. शिक्षकले नभनेसम्म कोही बाहिर जाँदैन।

    Nobody goes out until the teacher says so.

    जाँदैन is the negative present.

How It Connects

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-एसम्मLevel 4Until Something Happens

Learn This First

-एसम्म means until.